A WDM PAM4 FSO–UWOC Integrated System With a Channel Capacity of 100 Gb/s

Li, Chung-Yi; Huang, Xu-Hong; Lu, Hai‐Han; Huang, Yong-Cheng; Huang, Qi-Ping; Tu, Shi-Cheng

doi:10.1109/jlt.2019.2960525

Cited by 61 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…A bidirectional FSO communication that delivers symmetrical downstream and upstream transmission rates is thus built to meet the spatial reuse target. PAM4's data rate is twice that of NRZ at a given bandwidth, making PAM4 suitable for high-speed transmission [19]- [21]. Regarding PM scheme, it provides high robustness against noise since PM scheme utilizes phase shifting to write down signal states.…”

Section: Xu-hong Huang Chung-yi LI Hai-han Lu Ieee Senior Membermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bidirectional FSO Communication Employing Phase Modulation Scheme and Remotely Injection-Locked DFB LD

Huang

et al. 2020

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Section: Xu-hong Huang Chung-yi LI Hai-han Lu Ieee Senior Membermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bidirectional FSO Communication Employing Phase Modulation Scheme and Remotely Injection-Locked DFB LD

Huang

et al. 2020

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…Li et al proposed a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) methodology with a channel capacity of 100 Gb/s. They set up a 500 m free-space and 5 m UWOC system [16]. To sum up, most of the research works above focused on improving the distance and transmission speed of UWOC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of Underwater Wireless Optical Communication System by Varying the Environmental Parameters

Chen

Liaw

et al. 2021

Photonics

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Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has been considered a promising technology for high-speed underwater transmission. Some Gb/s level UWOC systems applying visible light have been demonstrated with a transmission distance of several meters or more. Many of the previous works focus on the advanced technologies to push the systems’ capacity–distance performance. However, practical environmental factors issue such as flow turbulence and temperature variation are seldom studied through specific statistical/theoretical models. In this paper, a UWOC system using a 450 nm blue light laser source was set up using a 1.5-m water tank with mirrors located on both sides for single or multiple reflections corresponding to different transmission distances. The blue laser was modulated by a 1.25 Gbps NRZ-OOK format with PRBS of 7, 24 or 31, respectively, for system performance comparison. The bit error rate (BER) values were measured in 1.5, 3.0 and 6 m, respectively, for system evaluation. At room temperature, the BER value was down to 10 × 10−8 for a 1.25 Gbps data rate in a 6 m transmission. Then, the UWOC transmission system experiment was carried out under several environmental parameters such as temperature, turbulence, artificial seawater by adding salt to simulate practical application in river or sea. When a submerged motor with an output of 1200 L/h was used as a water flow turbulence source, the impact to BER and transmission quality was negligible. For the temperature change issue, the experiment shows that around the original temperature of 25 °C had the best BER as compared to other temperature ranges from 10 to 50 °C. For artificial seawater issues by adding salt to simulate the real seawater environment. The transmission distance was only 3-m instead of 6 m, mainly due to particle scattering and water disturbance. With the motor pump on, the power penalty was 1 dB at 10 × 10−8 BER when compared to the motor pump off.

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“…Free-space optical (FSO) communication is a type of OWC that transmits optical signals over a laser beam in free-space. FSO has received extensive attention in research on the problem of high-speed freespace transmissions [1][2][3][4][5] . Underwater wireless laser transmission (UWLT) system is another type of OWC that transmits optical signals via a laser beam through an underwater link.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 400-Gb/s WDM-PAM4 OWC System Through the Free- Space Transmission With a Water-Air-Water Link

Huang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A 400-Gb/s wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) optical wireless communication (OWC) system through a 200-m free-space transmission with either an 8.8-m piped water-air-piped water link or a 6.5-m turbid water-air-turbid water link is attainably constructed. Incorporating PAM4 modulation with an 8-wavelength WDM scheme greatly increases the total transmission rate of the WDM-PAM4 OWC system to 400 Gb/s (50 Gb/s/λ × 8 λs). By employing doublet lenses in free-space transmission, a laser beam reducer/expander and a reflective spatial light modulator (SLM) with an angle expander through the water-air-water link, high bit error rate performance and acceptable PAM4 eye diagrams are obtained. Using a reflective SLM with an angle expander not only adaptively adjusts the laser beam, but also effectively solves the marine engineering problems. This demonstrated WDM-PAM4 OWC system outperforms existing OWC systems through free-space transmission with an air-water-air link due to its ability to resolve the practical engineering problems in actual marine environments.

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A WDM PAM4 FSO–UWOC Integrated System With a Channel Capacity of 100 Gb/s

Cited by 61 publications

References 45 publications

A Bidirectional FSO Communication Employing Phase Modulation Scheme and Remotely Injection-Locked DFB LD

A Bidirectional FSO Communication Employing Phase Modulation Scheme and Remotely Injection-Locked DFB LD

Performance Evaluation of Underwater Wireless Optical Communication System by Varying the Environmental Parameters

A 400-Gb/s WDM-PAM4 OWC System Through the Free- Space Transmission With a Water-Air-Water Link

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