A wide spectrum of neurological manifestations in pediatrics patients with the COVID-19 infection: a case series

Abstract

Neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients can also be found in the pediatric population, but they are usually described as mild symptoms. Herein, we described a case series of four pediatric patients with severe and highly heterogeneous central and peripheral nervous system manifestations. The objective was to report neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in children and adolescents. The design is case series. The participants are four children and adolescents with confirmed COVID-19. The main outcome and measures are as follows: Clinical data were gathered from electronic medical records, and data of all neurologic symptoms were checked by a trained neurologist. We reported four pediatric patients with COVID-19 and different neurologic symptoms. Case 1 was a 16-year-old girl with a sensory and motor polyradiculopathy with RT-qPCR for COVID-19 and dengue both detected in CSF that improved after appropriate treatment. Case 2 was a 15-year-old boy with Guillain-Barre syndrome and had good response after using human immunoglobulin. Case 3 was a 5-year-old girl with acute intracranial hypertension that improved after going through lumbar puncture and using acetazolamide. Case 4 was a 2-month-old male infant with focal epileptic seizures that recovered after antiepileptic treatment. We highlight the need to consider different neurologic manifestations as part of the COVID-19 clinical spectrum.

Bilateral Basal Ganglia Infarction and Bilateral Thalamic Lesions in Sudanese Pediatric Patient with COVID-19 and Malaria Co-Infection, a Case Report

“…Cases may present with neurological symptoms related to either the peripheral nervous system or central nervous system. Literature reported paraparesis, headache, encephalopathy and epileptic seizures as sequel of COVID-19 [2,3]. In this report we describe a child with COVID-19 and Malaria co-infection who presented with convulsions and prolonged loss of consciousness.…”

“…Symptomatic infection is less common. In those with symptoms fever and cough is the most common manifestation [2][3][4]. Symptoms in children can be related to upper respiratory tract, pneumonia, or gastrointestinal symptoms.…”

Bilateral basal ganglia infarction and bilateral thalamic lesions in sudanese pediatric patient with COVID‐19 and malaria co‐infection, a case report

“…Literature reported paraparesis, headache, encephalopathy, and epileptic seizures as a sequel of COVID‐19. 2 , 3 In this report, we describe a child with COVID‐19 and malaria co‐infection who presented with convulsions and prolonged loss of consciousness.…”

“…In those with symptoms, fever and cough are the most common manifestations. 2 , 3 , 4 Symptoms in children can be related to upper respiratory tract, pneumonia, or gastrointestinal symptoms. It can be classified into mild, moderate, and severe infections.…”

Neurological complications of COVID-19 in pediatric patients require comprehensive evaluation

“…With interest we read the article by Krueger et al about four pediatric patients with symptomatic COVID-19 who experienced severe neurological complications from the viral infection (Krueger et al 2021). A 16-year-old female experienced polyradiculitis (patient-1), a 15-year-old male developed Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) subtype acute, inflammatory, demyelinating neuropathy (AIDP) (patient-2), a 5-year-old female developed acute intracranial hypertension (patient-3), and a 2-year-old male experienced focal seizures during the infection (patient-4) (Krueger et al 2021). The study is appealing but raises some concerns and comments.…”