A Wireless Geophone Network Architecture Using IEEE 802.11af With Power Saving Schemes

Reddy, Varun Amar; Stuber, G.L.; Al-Dharrab, Suhail; Mesbah, Wessam; Muqaibel, Ali H.

doi:10.1109/twc.2019.2940944

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In addition, the authors in [45] proposed an Internet-of-Things-based Low-Power Wide-Area (LPWA) WGNs with a focus on seismic quality control QC data not a real-time WSDA system. In [20], the authors proposed a wireless geophone network based on the IEEE 802.11af standard that enables WLAN operation in television white space (TVWS), which can achieve longer communication range, providing more network scalability in WSDA. IEEE 802.11af occupies many various pre-licensed bands TVWS channels, as such its operation might be limited based on potential regional interference and access regulations [46].…”

Section: Technologies For Wireless Geophone Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the spectrum is effectively utilised, data acquisition time might be high, as well as power consumption of nodes. A wireless architecture based on the IEEE 802.11af standard is proposed in [20]. In this architecture, the survey area is divided into hexagonal cells based on the frequency reuse concept, such as in cellular communication.…”

Section: Network Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A reference sweep signal encoded in the vibrator electronics is sent into the ground through the vibrator plates for a given period of time known as the "sweep or shot time". Geophones at the surface records the data or seismic reflections for a duration called the listen time [20]. The period from the completion of the sweep to the end of recording is the listen time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wireless Geophone Networks for Land Seismic Data Acquisition: A Survey, Tutorial and Performance Evaluation

Makama

Kuladinithi

Timm‐Giel

2021

Sensors

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Seismic data acquisition in oil and gas exploration employs a large-scale network of geophone sensors deployed in thousands across a survey field. A central control unit acquires and processes measured data from geophones to come up with an image of the earth’s subterranean structure to locate oil and gas traps. Conventional seismic acquisition systems rely on cables to connect each sensor. Although cable-based systems are reliable, the sheer amount of cable required is tremendous, causing complications in survey logistics as well as survey downtime. The need for a cable-free seismic data acquisition system has attracted much attention from contractors, exploration companies, and researchers to lay out the enabling wireless technology and architecture in seismic explorations. This paper gives a general overview of land seismic data acquisition and also presents a current and retrospective review of the state-of-the-art wireless seismic data acquisition systems. Furthermore, a simulation-based performance evaluation of real-time, small-scale wireless geophone subnetwork is carried out using the IEEE 802.11 g technology based on the concept of seismic data acquisition during the geophone listen or recording period. In addition, we investigate an optimal number of seismic samples that could be sent by each geophone during this period.

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Section: Technologies For Wireless Geophone Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Network Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wireless Geophone Networks for Land Seismic Data Acquisition: A Survey, Tutorial and Performance Evaluation

Makama

Kuladinithi

Timm‐Giel

2021

Sensors

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“…After demonstrating the impact of using reconfigurable antennas in the GSNs on extending the transmission range to the gateway, it is essential, prior to network-level implementation, to conduct a comprehensive network-level analysis and simulation. A system-level simulation in [33] of the performance of wireless geophone sensor networks was conducted, considering multiple access schemes among multiple wireless GSNs. Additionally, the authors in [33] have further considered the impact of co-channel interference (CCI) through numerical simulations.…”

Section: Network-level Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A system-level simulation in [33] of the performance of wireless geophone sensor networks was conducted, considering multiple access schemes among multiple wireless GSNs. Additionally, the authors in [33] have further considered the impact of co-channel interference (CCI) through numerical simulations. This can be further corroborated with experimental implementation focusing on real-time seismic acquisition in dense networks and taking into consideration CCI and relevant impairments.…”

Section: Network-level Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Geophone Sensing System for Real-Time Seismic Data Acquisition

et al. 2020

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Active seismic surveys, for the exploration of oil and gas reservoirs, are conducted using a huge network of geophone sensors (>10,000) covering a very large area and interconnected using seismic cables. Such cables enable reliable operation and fast data transfer, but account for a major percentage of the survey cost and limit its flexibility. In this paper, a wireless seismic data acquisition system that provides real-time data transmission for active seismic surveys is designed and implemented. A system that comprises a smart wireless sensor node and a gateway unit is demonstrated as a proof-of-concept. The smart wireless node comprises a geophone sensor, a high-resolution data acquisition system and a smart reconfigurable wireless communication module. The data acquisition system includes an electronic circuit for amplification and filtering, a single-board computer and a 24-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The wireless communication module comprises a 2.4 GHz radio frequency (RF) transceiver connected to a pattern reconfigurable antenna. A microcontroller is employed to reconfigure the Yagi-Uda antenna to scan its radiation pattern in different directions and focus the radiated power in the direction of the nearest gateway. This high-gain directional antenna would allow communication between the sensor node and the gateway over a longer distance as compared with the monopole antenna conventionally employed in commercial wireless seismic systems. The proposed system, employing a reconfigurable antenna in the sensor node, has been implemented and tested and was able to successfully capture seismic data from the geophone sensor and transmit it wirelessly in real-time to the gateway unit, achieving a notable 25% enhancement in the communication range between the sensor node and the gateway. This communication range enhancement results in a significant 56% enhancement in the gateway's communication area coverage, when compared to similar systems that use conventional monopole antennas in their sensor nodes.

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