“…[22,23] Non-metallic carbon-based materials, monometallic based materials (including precious metals such as Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Ir and transition metals such as Cu, In, Sn, Fe, Ni, Ti, Co), and bimetallic based materials have been widely studied in the literature (precious and transition metals). [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Among these, bimetallic electrocatalysts (e.g., CuPd alloys) that combine the benefits of different metals exhibit high catalytic activity and product selectivity. However, due to a scarcity of precious Nitrate has a high level of stability and persistence in water, endangering human health and aquatic ecosystems.…”