Abaloparatide Has the Same Catabolic Effects on Bones of Mice When Infused as PTH (1–34)

Abstract

Abaloparatide is a peptide analog of parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP 1–34) and was approved in 2017 as the second osteoanabolic peptide for treating osteoporosis. We previously showed that intermittent abaloparatide is equally as effective as PTH (1–34). This study was designed to compare the catabolic effects of PTH (1–34) and abaloparatide on bone in young female wild‐type mice. Two‐month‐old C57Bl/6J female mice were continuously infused with human PTH (1–34) or abaloparatide at 80 μg/kg BW/day or vehicle for 2 weeks. At euthanasia, DEXA‐PIXImus was performed to assess bone mineral density (BMD) in the whole body, femurs, tibiae, and vertebrae. Bone turnover marker levels were measured in sera, femurs were harvested for micro–computer tomography (μCT) analyses and histomorphometry, and tibiae were separated into cortical and trabecular fractions for gene expression analyses. Our results demonstrated that the infusion of abaloparatide resulted in a similar decrease in BMD as infused PTH (1–34) at all sites. μCT and histomorphometry analyses showed similar decreases in cortical bone thickness and BMD associated with an increase in bone turnover from the increased bone formation rate found by in vivo double labeling and serum P1NP and increased bone resorption as shown by osteoclast numbers and serum cross‐linked C‐telopeptide. Trabecular bone did not show major changes with either treatment. Osteoblastic gene expression analyses of trabecular and cortical bone revealed that infusion of PTH (1–34) or abaloparatide led to similar and different actions in genes of osteoblast differentiation and activity. As with intermittent and in vitro treatment, both infused PTH (1–34) and abaloparatide similarly regulated downstream genes of the PTHR1/SIK/HDAC4 pathway such as Sost and Mmp13 but differed for those of the PTHR1/SIK/CRTC pathway. Taken together, at the same dose, infused abaloparatide causes the same high bone turnover as infused PTH (1–34) with a net resorption in female wild‐type mice. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.