Abdominal wall ectopic testis - Case report and review of literature

Raj, Vinod; Redkar, Rajeev; Joshi, Shirin

doi:10.1016/j.epsc.2017.12.003

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Abdominal positions of testicular ectopia are extremely rare, where a few cases have been reported so far [4]. Abdominal ectopic testis may be located, either on the inner surface of the anterior abdominal wall to be known as a preperitoneal testicular ectopia [17][18][19], at the subcutaneous spaces mimicking Spigelian hernia [4,20], or as interstitial abdominal wall testis which has been recently reported [21]. The preperitoneal positions have been increasingly detectable with the use of laparoscopy which represents the most accurate tool for management of the impalpable and intraabdominal testes [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectopic testis: an experience of a tertiary-level urology center at Upper Egypt

et al. 2020

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Background: Testicular ectopia is defined as a testis which is located away from the normal pathway of testicular descent and outside its ipsilateral hemiscrotum. Controversies have been raised about considering the abdominal and inguinal ectopic testes as undescended ones. Our purpose was to review our center's experience with the diagnosis and management of testicular ectopia focusing on the inguinal ectopic testis. Retrospectively, we studied the clinical and surgical characteristics of a case series of testicular ectopia which was managed in our center during July 2001-June 2016. Results: Out of 1132 patients with undescended testes, 44 cases (3.9%) had testicular ectopia. Twenty-three cases (mean age = 5.15 ± 5.79 years) fulfilled the criteria of inguinal ectopic testis. Clinically, testes were relatively mobile and superficial. Surgically, they were located in the superficial inguinal pouch, had relatively long spermatic cords, and commonly had average rather than small sizes. The other ectopic 21 cases (mean age = 10.56 ± 6.92 years) were perineal, anterior abdominal wall, femoral, prepubic, and transverse testes in 7 (33.3%), 4 (19%), 4 (19%), 3 (14.3%), and 3 (14.3%) cases, respectively. Congenital inguinal hernia was the commonest associated anomaly (22.7%). All cases were treated surgically with only 1 case of testicular atrophy (2.3%). Conclusions: Testicular ectopia is rare with relatively delayed presentations. Different anatomical sites have been reported including the superficial inguinal pouch and anterior abdominal wall with variable complexities and controversies. The inguinal ectopic testis is the most controversial, but it might be characterized from other entities based on certain clinical and surgical criteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectopic testis: an experience of a tertiary-level urology center at Upper Egypt

et al. 2020

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“…Hutson suggested that abnormal position of genitofemoral nerve leads to an abnormal movement of the gubernaculum and pushes the testis to abnormal position 10. The chemotactic gradient resulted from hormone imbalance between androgen and CGRP released by the genitofemoral nerve play important role in testicular descent as it acts as a guide to gubernacular progress 4 16. On the other hand, Middleton et al 17 suggested that the normal descent of gubernaculum is facilitated by increased intra-abdominal pressure and in case of inadequate pressure there will be testicular ectopia 17 18…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ectopic testis can be found at five different sites, these are femoral canal, suprapubic region, perineum, opposite side of the scrotum and anterior abdominal wall 3 4. Some authors include the superficial inguinal pouch (Denis Browne pouch) as a site of ectopic testis (about 75% cases of testicular ectopia),20 but others put it under the name of undescended variant, as they notice that a testis located at the superficial inguinal pouch behaves as a true cryptorchid testis regarding histological changes and response to hormonal therapy 6…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relocation of testis in an atypical site after going through the inguinal canal and leaving it through the external ring is named ectopic testis. The most widely recognized aberrant locations are superficial inguinal pouch (Denis Browne pouch), perineum, femoral canal, contralateral scrotum (transverse testicular ectopia (TTE)) and prepenile area 3 4. Ectopic testis happens in just 5% of instances of empty scrotum 5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Five different cases of ectopic testes in children: a self-experience with literature review

Joda

2019

World Jnl Ped Surgery

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BackgroundEmpty scrotum may be due to many reasons; besides true undescended testis these are monorchia, retractile testis, atrophy of testis due to torsion and ectopic testis. The location of testis in an aberrant site after passing through the inguinal canal and leaving it via external ring is a condition called ectopic testis. The most common aberrant locations of ectopic testes are superficial inguinal pouch (Denis Browne pouch), within anterior abdominal wall, perineum, femoral canal, contralateral scrotum (transverse testicular ectopia) and prepenile area.MethodsDescription of management of five different cases of ectopic testes over a period of 10 years’ experience in pediatric surgery have been done with review of the literature about this rarity.ResultsFive different cases of ectopic testes were as follows: infants 3 months of age with right ectopic testis in anterior abdominal wall near anterior superior iliac spine, 4 months of age with left perineal testis, 6 months of age with an ectopic femoral testis on left side, 8 months of age with transverse testicular ectopia on left side and 10 months of age with right true undescended testis and left perineal testis.ConclusionsSearch for ectopic sites of testes should always be in mind during examination of patients with empty scrotum. Early surgical repair of ectopic testes is recommended, as there is no chance of spontaneous correction to the normal location. Long-term follow-up is necessary due to relatively high incidence of infertility and malignant transformation. Surgeons should be aware of the rare possibility of transverse testicular ectopia in cases of inguinal hernia with impalpable testis on the contralateral side.

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