Aberrant Cortical Connectivity During Ambiguous Object Recognition Is Associated With Schizophrenia

Pokorny, Victor J.; Espensen-Sturges, Tori; Burton, Philip; Sponheim, Scott R.; Olman, Cheryl A.

doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.09.018

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…These age-specific changes in the Cx3cr1 transcript level implicate MIA-induced microglial dysfunctions that trigger alterations in cortical networks [178]. The evidence seems to support the reports on impaired anatomical and functional connectivity in the cerebral cortex of patients with schizophrenia [179][180][181]. Consistent results were described by Garré et al [182].…”

Section: Experimental Datasupporting

confidence: 82%

Shedding light on the role of CX3CR1 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia

2021

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Schizophrenia has a complex and heterogeneous molecular and clinical picture. Over the years of research on this disease, many factors have been suggested to contribute to its pathogenesis. Recently, the inflammatory processes have gained particular interest in the context of schizophrenia due to the increasing evidence from epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies. Within the immunological component, special attention has been brought to chemokines and their receptors. Among them, CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), which belongs to the family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors, and its cognate ligand (CX3CL1) constitute a unique system in the central nervous system. In the view of regulation of the brain homeostasis through immune response, as well as control of microglia reactivity, the CX3CL1–CX3CR1 system may represent an attractive target for further research and schizophrenia treatment. In the review, we described the general characteristics of the CX3CL1–CX3CR1 axis and the involvement of this signaling pathway in the physiological processes whose disruptions are reported to participate in mechanisms underlying schizophrenia. Furthermore, based on the available clinical and experimental data, we presented a guide to understanding the implication of the CX3CL1–CX3CR1 dysfunctions in the course of schizophrenia.

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Section: Experimental Datasupporting

confidence: 82%

Shedding light on the role of CX3CR1 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia

2021

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“…The augmentation of the PCA analogue of N CL for meaningful object stimuli aligns with perceptual closure also being influenced by high-level processes related to object perception. Given sensitivity of N1 and N CL to the presence of recognizable objects and LOC activations sensitive to objects revealed through the use of the same stimulus set (Pokorny et al, 2020), early ventral stream processing embodied in N1 and N CL responses may reflect LOC-mediated integration of sensory inputs with semantic predictions related to high-level functions elicited during recognition of ambiguous objects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-reported perceptual aberrations in psychosis map to event-related potentials and semantic appraisals of objects.

Longenecker¹,

Pokorny²,

Kang³

et al. 2021

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Psychotic disorders have been associated with visual deficits and deviant semantic processing, making it unclear whether object detection abnormalities in psychosis originate from low-level or higher-order visual processes. The current study investigated how high-level visual processing is affected in psychosis by presenting object stimuli with equivalent low-level visual features. Outpatients with affective and nonaffective psychotic disorders, first-degree biological relatives, and psychiatrically unaffected individuals (N = 130) completed the Fragmented Ambiguous Object Task (FAOT) to assess recognition of objects in ambiguous stimuli. During the task, we recorded electroencephalography, quantified event-related potential (ERP) components (P1, N1, negative closure [NCL], N400), and derived four spatiotemporal event-related potential factors using principal components analysis (PCA). In addition to traditional diagnoses, psychosis was characterized using a dimensional measure of individual differences in self-reported sensory experiences (perceptual absorption) calculated from scales that tap the psychotic domain of the hierarchical structure of psychopathology. Rates of detecting objects within fragmented stimuli failed to differ across diagnostic groups or significantly predict perceptual absorption (p = .057). PCA factors that reflected smaller N1 and larger NCL amplitudes were associated with detecting objects. Exploratory analyses revealed that higher perceptual absorption was associated with reductions in the N400 and a late positive PCA factor. Although early and midlatency brain responses modulate during object detection, late brain responses tied to semantic appraisal of objects are related to perceptual aberrations often reported by individuals with severe psychopathology. Dimensional measures of personality appear sensitive to variation in biological systems relevant to psychotic symptomatology and object perception.

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“…A minimum of two trained raters (advanced doctoral students in clinical psychology, postdoctoral researchers, or licensed psychologists) reached consensus on all diagnoses, based on the DSM-IV-TR criteria 44 . Additional participant and study information is detailed in previous publications 24,26,45 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such an effect is thought to be mediated via feedback, possibly from border-ownership processes in V2 21 or V4 22 and may be subject to regulation by attention or awareness. V1-extrinsic mechanisms are likely important to consider in the context of psychosis due to well-documented attentional deficits and evidence of altered top-down regulation of low-level inputs [23][24][25][26][27][28] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced contrast surround suppression associated with schizophrenia depends on visual acuity and scene context

Pokorny

Schallmo

Sponheim

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Perceptual distortions are core features of psychosis. Weakened surround suppression has been proposed as a neural mechanism of such atypical perceptual experiences. While previous work has measured suppression by asking participants to report the perceived contrast of a low-contrast target surrounded by a high-contrast surround, it is possible to modulate perceived contrast solely by manipulating the orientation of a matched-contrast center and surround. Removing the bottom-up segmentation cue of contrast difference and isolating the orientation-dependent suppression may clarify the neural processes responsible for atypical surround suppression in psychosis. We examined surround suppression across a spectrum of psychotic psychopathology including people with schizophrenia (PSZ; N=31) and bipolar disorder (PBD; N=29), first-degree biological relatives of these patient groups (PBDrel, PSZrel; N=28, N=21, respectively), and healthy controls (N=29). Surround suppression deficits in PSZ, while observable under many stimulus conditions, were absent under the condition that produced the strongest suppression. PBD and PSZrel exhibited intermediate suppression, while PBDrel performed most similarly to controls. Intriguingly, group differences in surround suppression magnitude were moderated by visual acuity. We propose a potential model by which visual acuity and/or focal attention interact with untuned gain control that reproduces the observed pattern of results including the lack of group differences when orientation of center and surround are the same. Our findings further elucidate perceptual mechanisms of impaired center-surround processing in psychosis and provide insights into the effects of visual acuity on orientation-dependent suppression in PSZ.

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Aberrant Cortical Connectivity During Ambiguous Object Recognition Is Associated With Schizophrenia

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Shedding light on the role of CX3CR1 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia

Shedding light on the role of CX3CR1 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia

Self-reported perceptual aberrations in psychosis map to event-related potentials and semantic appraisals of objects.

Reduced contrast surround suppression associated with schizophrenia depends on visual acuity and scene context

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