Aberrant Crypt Foci in the Human Colon

Nascimbeni, Riccardo; Villanacci, Vincenzo; Mariani, Pier Paolo; Betta, Ernesto Di; Ghirardi, M.; Donato, Francesco; Salerni, Bruno

doi:10.1097/00000478-199910000-00011

Cited by 46 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The incidences of dysplastic ACF, which are crucial from the carcinogenesis point of view, reported in various studies differ. The lowest percentages of dysplastic ACF were presented by Nascimbeni, Adler, and Rudolph; those reported by Takayama are comparable to our findings [ 8 , 11 , 15 , 22 ]. There are also studies in which the percentages in question are higher than those observed in our population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Chromoendoscopy with a Standard-Resolution Colonoscope for Evaluation of Rectal Aberrant Crypt Foci

Kowalczyk¹,

Siermontowski²,

Mucha³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of death worldwide. According to the theory by Vogelstein, colorectal carcinogenesis involves a series of successive changes in the normal colonic mucosa, starting with excessive proliferation and focal disorders of intestinal crypts, followed by adenoma and its subsequent malignant transformation. The first identifiable changes in CRC carcinogenesis are aberrant crypt foci (ACF). ACF are invisible during routine colonoscopy yet are well identifiable in chromoendoscopy using methylene blue or indigo carmine. High-resolution colonoscopes are used for assessment of ACF. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of standard-resolution colonoscopy for identification of rectal ACF. The following parameters were evaluated: duration of chromoendoscopy of a given rectal segment, type of ACF, sensitivity and specificity of endoscopy combined with histopathological evaluation. The mean duration of colonoscopy and chromoendoscopy was 26.8 min. In the study population, typical ACF were found in 73 patients (p = 0.489), hyperplastic ACF in 49 (p = 0.328), and dysplastic ACF in 16 patients (p = 0.107). Mixed ACF were observed in 11 individuals (p = 0.073). The sensitivity of the method was found to be 0.96 whereas its specificity 0.99.Identification of rectal ACF using standard-resolution colonoscopy combined with rectal mucosa staining with 0.25% methylene blue is characterised by high sensitivity and specificity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Chromoendoscopy with a Standard-Resolution Colonoscope for Evaluation of Rectal Aberrant Crypt Foci

Kowalczyk¹,

Siermontowski²,

Mucha³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…With the advent of new molecular biology assays, further characterization of ACF genetic profiles to assess their risks of progression to cancers are possible [ 44 ]. These categories consist of epigenetic silencing, genetic mutation, microsatellite instability and loss of heterozygosity ( Table 2 ) [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ]. Epigenetic silencing of genes involved in cancers has been an area of intense research over the last decade [ 63 ].…”

Section: Acf As a Relevant Biomarker For Colon Cancer: Molecular Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Aberrant Crypt Foci: The Case for Inclusion as a Biomarker for Colon Cancer

Wargovich

Brown

Morris

2010

Cancers

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Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are one of the earliest histopathological manifestations of colon cancer. In this review, we critically present the molecular, cellular, histopathological, and chemopreventive evidence that ACF are relevant biomarkers for colon cancer. The laboratory and clinical evidence are highly suggestive that ACF are in the pathway leading to colon cancer, but not all ACF will do so. The possible fate and outcome of ACF in the progression toward colon cancer may be dependent on a number of features that define their predictive power for the prevention or progression of cancer.

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“…Other studies have reported similar incidence rates of ACF in these age brackets (15,16). It is essential to identify and remove these early lesions for an adequate CRC prevention strategy (17). Furthermore, accurate tumor grading is necessary for patient survival and can be achieved most effectively in stained histopathological sections harvested via biopsy or during surgery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep learning techniques for detecting preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in human colorectal histological images

et al. 2019

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Trained pathologists base colorectal cancer identification on the visual interpretation of microscope images. However, image labeling is not always straightforward and this repetitive task is prone to mistakes due to human distraction. Significant efforts are underway to develop informative tools to assist pathologists and decrease the burden and frequency of errors. The present study proposes a deep learning approach to recognize four different stages of cancerous tissue development, including normal mucosa, early preneoplastic lesion, adenoma and cancer. A dataset of human colon tissue images collected and labeled over a 10-year period by a team of pathologists was partitioned into three sets. These were used to train, validate and test the neural network, comprising several convolutional and a few linear layers. The approach used in the present study is ‘direct’; it labels raw images and bypasses the segmentation step. An overall accuracy of >95% was achieved, with the majority of mislabeling referring to a near category. Tests on an external dataset with a different resolution yielded accuracies >80%. The present study demonstrated that the neural network, when properly trained, can provide fast, accurate and reproducible labeling for colon cancer images, with the potential to significantly improve the quality and speed of medical diagnoses.

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Aberrant Crypt Foci in the Human Colon

Cited by 46 publications

References 10 publications

Chromoendoscopy with a Standard-Resolution Colonoscope for Evaluation of Rectal Aberrant Crypt Foci

Chromoendoscopy with a Standard-Resolution Colonoscope for Evaluation of Rectal Aberrant Crypt Foci

Aberrant Crypt Foci: The Case for Inclusion as a Biomarker for Colon Cancer

Deep learning techniques for detecting preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in human colorectal histological images

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