Abiotic factors and interactions with urban pests

A Review: Development of Plant Protection Methods and Advances in Pesticide Application Technology in Agro-Forestry Production

“…According to the varying characteristics of plants damaged by pests [14,15], the application practices of plant protection can be divided into direct targets and indirect targets. Direct targets refer to pests that directly harm plants and include four categories, that is, plant diseases, insects, rats (and rabbits) and harmful plants.…”

“…Over thousands of years, the history of human survival and development has been accompanied by the struggle against plant pests, among which plant target recognition, plant protection methods and plant protection machinery constitute the three elements of plant protection. Plant protection practices have been enriched around the world [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], and six types of plant protection methods have been developed, including the agricultural method, the physical method, the biological method, the chemical method, plant quarantine and integrated pest management (IPM) [10]. Based on the diagram of the relationship between the pyramid of plant protection methods and pesticide application technologies shown in Figure 1, the objectives of this paper integrated pest management (IPM) [10].…”

Population Fluctuation of Sucking Insects in Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Cotton Crops

“…The monitoring of insects present in the cultivation area must be carried out throughout the crop's development cycle, taking into account the climatic variation that occurs in this period, due to its direct influence on the occurrence and population peaks of insects (Silva, 2022). The main abiotic factors that influence the distribution and abundance of insects are time, radiation, temperature, humidity, light, wind, and their interactions (Held, 2020).…”