Abnormal Bone

Klaus, Haagen D.; Lynnerup, Niels

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809738-0.00005-3

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…2a, the skeleton is almost complete; however, some bones are in a poor state of preservation. The surface of the bones, especially the cranium, is severely affected by taphonomic processes, such as root etching and erosion (following Klaus and Lynnerup 2019). The bodies of thoracic vertebrae are not preserved, and the ribs are fragmented.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabbed to death: an osteobiography example of violence among Longobards (Povegliano Veronese, Italy, 6th-8th c CE)

Zeppilli

Micarelli

Bernardini

et al. 2023

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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Here we report the reconstruction of the osteobiography of an adult male buried in the Longobard cemetery of Povegliano Veronese (Northern Italy, late 6th – early 8th century CE), who shows signs of interpersonal violence. The palaeopathological investigation reveals sharp force traumas on the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra and on two right ribs. The absence of signs of healing or bone remodelling indicates that the defects were perimortem. The injuries probably affected vital organs, leading to death. Further macroscopic observations of the skeleton suggest horseback-riding activity. Strontium isotope data from tooth enamel indicate a non-local origin of the individual. X-ray and CT scan acquisition and Scanning Electron Microscopy analyses were performed to investigate the bone defects. His osteobiography was interpreted and contextualised in the complex socio-political scenario of post-classical Italy. The results document that he spent his childhood outside the Povegliano Veronese area, that during his life he was likely a horseback rider active in battle, but that his violent death did not happen during warfare/battle. This multi-layered approach, supported by archaeological information, osteological investigation, biomolecular analysis, and virtual imagery, allowed for the extensive reconstruction of an individual's life history.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabbed to death: an osteobiography example of violence among Longobards (Povegliano Veronese, Italy, 6th-8th c CE)

Zeppilli

Micarelli

Bernardini

et al. 2023

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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“…Cabe aclarar que, al tratarse de resultados preliminares, el diagnóstico se centró en la identificación de las lesiones de acuerdo con grupos patológicos amplios, por lo que fueron asignadas a patologías infecciosas en general (Aufderheide y Rodríguez-Martin, 1998; Buikstra, 2019;Ortner, 2003). A su vez, es necesario considerar que diferentes patologías pueden generar el mismo tipo de respuesta ósea, dada su limitada variedad (Buikstra et al, 2017;Klaus y Lynnerup, 2019), por lo que también se tuvo en cuenta la ubicación y distribución de las lesiones en el esqueleto como parte del diagnóstico. En el caso de individuos que presentaron lesiones, pero cuentan con una integridad esqueletal menor al 25% (Tablas Suplementarias S1 y S2), sólo se consideró su descripción, debido a que se encuentra en debate su asignación a procesos infecciosos inespecíficos (Weston, 2012).…”

Section: Materials Y Métodosunclassified

Primeros abordajes sobre patologías infecciosas en tejido óseo de poblaciones del Holoceno Tardío en el centro oeste de Argentina

Da Peña Aldao,

Fabra,

Novellino

2024

RevArgAntropBiol

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Las patologías infecciosas han constituido una de las principales causas de muerte en las sociedades prehistóricas. Su estudio permite conocer el impacto en las dinámicas poblacionales e investigar los patrones de adaptación frente al surgimiento de nuevos patógenos y sus mutaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una primera aproximación al análisis de procesos infecciosos en restos bioarqueológicos del Holoceno Tardío (desde ca. 4200 años cal AP hasta el presente) en ambientes de altura y planicies de las provincias de Mendoza y Córdoba (Argentina). Los grupos que ocuparon estas áreas presentan particularidades respecto a su organización social, pero comparten similitudes en los modos de vida y las estrategias de subsistencia, basados en la caza-recolección a comienzos del período, con incorporación de la horticultura hacia momentos finales. Se realizó el análisis paleopatológico de 75 individuos adultos de ambos sexos, mediante la observación macroscópica y el registro sistemático de lesiones óseas. Se calcularon frecuencias por sexo, edad, criterios cronológicos (pre y post 1000/1200 años AP) y ambientales (Sierras/Llanuras y Planicies/Montañas). El 48% de los individuos de la muestra presentó lesiones que podrían asociarse a patologías infecciosas, de los cuales el 46% corresponde a Mendoza y el 58,3% a Córdoba. Se observan mayores prevalencias para Mendoza a inicios del Holoceno Tardío, así como en momentos finales del período para Córdoba; en términos geográficos/ambientales, los grupos que habitaron la zona de Sierras en Córdoba y la Planicie de Mendoza registraron mayores porcentajes de afectación. Estos resultados se discuten según el modelo de transiciones epidemiológicas.

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“…For scored lesions, such as those of the bone underlying growth plates in rickets, variable growth rates across a skeleton mean an individual might have a range of scores (see Mays et al, 2006, Table 3). To suggest a specific diagnosis, we need to think through the age‐at‐death, biological processes, consider the whole skeleton, and, where available, integrate information from other investigative techniques combined with contextual information (Klaus, 2017; Klaus & Lynnerup, 2019; Mays, 2020).…”

Section: Review Of Scurvy and Rickets Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing diagnostic certainty for scurvy and rickets in human skeletal remains

Brickley

Morgan

2023

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Objectives: Identifying scurvy and rickets has important implications for understanding adaptations and variability among past communities, and bioarchaeologists now regularly evaluate these conditions. Due to the increased number of studies, cases with less clear-cut lesions and variable preservation are now frequently reported. Despite an improved understanding of the biological mechanisms for disease expression, there is a lack of consensus on the language used to express diagnostic certainty, limiting comparability. This article aims to address these issues and provide recommendations on more consistent diagnostic terminology using widely accepted diagnostic methodology based on biological mechanisms. Materials and Methods:We review diagnostic terms used in bioarchaeology by considering published cases of rickets, scurvy and co-occurrence alongside M.B.B.'s past project notes. We also consider differences in the diagnosis of rickets and scurvy in living and archeological individuals.Results: We provide recommendations on a framework that can be used to show diagnostic certainty in cases of rickets, scurvy, and co-occurrence. Core lesions of rickets and scurvy are used alongside a limited lexicon of diagnostic terminology based on the Istanbul protocol. Discussion: It is not the number of lesions that determines whether an individual is assigned to a particular diagnosis category, but rather the range and expression of lesions present. Avoiding a "tick-list" approach to core lesions of these diseases will be critical to ensure that identifying rickets and scurvy continues to contribute to understanding adaptations and variability among past communities. The framework allows more consistency in diagnostic certainty, facilitating greater comparability in research.

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Abnormal Bone

Cited by 12 publications

References 41 publications

Stabbed to death: an osteobiography example of violence among Longobards (Povegliano Veronese, Italy, 6th-8th c CE)

Stabbed to death: an osteobiography example of violence among Longobards (Povegliano Veronese, Italy, 6th-8th c CE)

Primeros abordajes sobre patologías infecciosas en tejido óseo de poblaciones del Holoceno Tardío en el centro oeste de Argentina

Assessing diagnostic certainty for scurvy and rickets in human skeletal remains

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