Abnormal executive function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the effect of stimulant medication and age on spatial working memory

Barnett, R; Maruff, Paul; Vance, Alasdair; Luk, Ernest S. L.; Costin, J; Wood, Carl; Pantelis, Christos

doi:10.1017/s0033291701004172

Cited by 145 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…As discussed earlier in the Discussion section, this study also lacked measures of executive function, which may have added value in detecting MPH benefits on the basis of the ADHD literature. [32][33] Overall, the findings of this study are encouraging, as they put forward an empirically supported intervention for childhood cancer survivors who experience attention and learning problems. Cognitive deficits are well established in this population, [1][2][3] yet there are few empirically supported options for intervention.…”

Section: Wwwjcoorgmentioning

confidence: 62%

Long-Term Efficacy of Methylphenidate in Enhancing Attention Regulation, Social Skills, and Academic Abilities of Childhood Cancer Survivors

Conklin

Reddick

Ashford

et al. 2010

JCO

130

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A B S T R A C T PurposeMethylphenidate (MPH) ameliorates attention problems experienced by some cancer survivors in the short term, but its long-term efficacy is unproven. Patients and MethodsThis study investigates the long-term effectiveness of maintenance doses of MPH in survivors of childhood brain tumors (n ϭ 35) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n ϭ 33) participating in a 12-month MPH trial. [CBCL]) were administered at premedication baseline and at the end of the MPH trial while on medication. A cancer control group composed of patients who were not administered MPH (brain tumor ϭ 31 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia ϭ 23) was assessed on the same measures 2 months apart. ResultsFor the MPH group, repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant improvement in performance on a measure of sustained attention (CPT indices, P Ͻ .05); parent, teacher, and self-report ratings of attention (CRS indices, P Ͻ .05), and parent ratings of social skills or behavioral problems (SSRS and CBCL indices; P Ͻ .05). In contrast, the cancer control group only showed improvement on parent ratings of attention (Conners' Parent Rating Scale indices; P Ͻ .05) and social skills (SSRS and CBCL indices; P Ͻ .05). There was no significant improvement on the academic measure (WIAT) in either group. ConclusionAttention and behavioral benefits of MPH for childhood cancer survivors are maintained across settings over the course of a year. Although academic gains were not identified, MPH may offer benefits in academic areas not assessed.

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Section: Wwwjcoorgmentioning

confidence: 62%

Long-Term Efficacy of Methylphenidate in Enhancing Attention Regulation, Social Skills, and Academic Abilities of Childhood Cancer Survivors

Conklin

Reddick

Ashford

et al. 2010

JCO

130

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“…However, response inhibition is not the only executive process atypical in children with ADHD. Other domains, including working memory, set shifting, set maintenance, and planning have also been repeatedly identified as being atypical in the disorder (Barnett et al 2001;Clark et al 2000;Karatekin and Asarnow 1998;McLean et al 2004;Nigg et al 1998;Pennington and Ozonoff 1996). Importantly, as noted above, it is becoming clear that many of the brain regions and circuits related to the typical development of executive functioning are atypical in children with ADHD (see Sect.…”

Section: Executive (Top-down) Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Matthews¹,

Nigg²,

Fair³

2013

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences

110

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Over the last two decades, there have been numerous technical and methodological advances available to clinicians and researchers to better understand attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its etiology. Despite the growing body of literature investigating the disorder's pathophysiology, ADHD remains a complex psychiatric disorder to characterize. This chapter will briefly review the literature on ADHD, with a focus on its history, the current genetic insights, neurophysiologic theories, and the use of neuroimaging to further understand the etiology. We address some of the major concerns that remain unclear about ADHD, including subtype instability, heterogeneity, and the underlying neural correlates that define the disorder. We highlight that the field of ADHD is rapidly evolving; the descriptions provided here will hopefully provide a sturdy foundation for which to build and improve our understanding of the disorder.

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“…Traditionally, AD/HD is regarded as a disorder of dysregulation. Brain-behavior relations are viewed as fully mediated by neuropsychological deficits in executive functions--higher-order, topdown, cognitive processes allowing the appropriate set maintenance and shift that facilitate the flexible pursuit of future goals (Barnett et al, 2001;Bayliss & Roodenrys, 2000;Comoldi et al, 1999;Karatekin & Asamow, 1998;Pennington & Ozonoff, 1996;Seidman et al, 1997;Sergeant et al, 2002;. Clark et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Reorganization of Incentive Structure to PromoteDelay Tolerance: A Therapeutic Possibility for AD/HD?

Sonuga‐Barke

2004

Neural Plasticity

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SUMMARYThis paper brings together two recent insights into attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) to provide the rationale for a novel approach to treatment. First is the suggestion, backed up by data from randomized trials, that training and practice in carefully selected cognitive activities (executive and attentional training) and tasks can provide a way of modifying the processes underlying cognitive, especially executive, deficits in AD/HD. Second, is the idea that AD/HD is a neuropsychologically heterogeneous disorder resulting from motivational alterations, specifically an increased intolerance for delay, as well as executive deficits. The paper builds on these two insights to explore the possibility that the motivational alterations underpinning delay aversion can be modified through specific training regimes in a way equivalent to that found with executive and attentional training. The requirements for such an approach are set out. Delay fading is proposed as a possible basis for reorganizing delay experience, altering the incentive value of delay (e.g., increasing tolerance for delay), thereby reducing AD/HD symptoms.

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Abnormal executive function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the effect of stimulant medication and age on spatial working memory

Cited by 145 publications

References 34 publications

Long-Term Efficacy of Methylphenidate in Enhancing Attention Regulation, Social Skills, and Academic Abilities of Childhood Cancer Survivors

Long-Term Efficacy of Methylphenidate in Enhancing Attention Regulation, Social Skills, and Academic Abilities of Childhood Cancer Survivors

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

On the Reorganization of Incentive Structure to PromoteDelay Tolerance: A Therapeutic Possibility for AD/HD?

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