Abnormalities in grooming behavior and tryptophan hydroxylase activity in the superior colliculi in cats with pontile and frontal neocortical lesions

Trulson, Michael E.; Nicolay, John G.; Randall, Walter

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(75)90085-4

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Then the areas from which these grooming reflexes were elicited (the receptive field) were sketched on the standard diagrams. A grid of dots was superimposed on the outline diagram (illustrated in Trulson et al, 1975) and the dots enclosed in each receptive field were counted. A ratio was formed between the number of dots enclosed in the receptive field and the total number of dots on the entire outline, and the ratio was multiplied by 100.…”

Section: Measurement Of the Size Of The Receptive Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

An abnormal annual rhythm in adrenaline excretion and grooming reflexes in cats with pontile lesions

Parsons

Randal

1986

Journal of Interdisiplinary Cycle Research

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Cats with pontile lesions exhibit grooming reflexes (e.g., the scratch reflex), and the receptive field for the grooming reflexes (the area on the body surface whose stimulation elicits the grooming reflexes) systematically varies in size, exhibiting long-term rhythmic changes during a year. Several lines of evidence suggested that the rhythms in adrenaline may be altered in the cats with lesions and underlie the changes in the size of the receptive field. Therefore, the size of the receptive field for grooming reflexes and adrenomedullary function (as measured by the urinary excretion of adrenaline) were monitored for one year in eight normal cats and six cats with pontile lesions. Periodic regression, analysis of variance, and correlational methods revealed a lesion-induced change in the annual adrenaline rhythm. No changes in amplitude or overall mean value were detected, but the annual peak in adrenaline excretion occurred approximately four months late, in June instead of February. The abnormality in the adrenaline rhythm was inversely and significantly correlated with the size of the receptive field for the grooming reflexes. Chronopathological changes in rhythmic parameters are discussed as important considerations in the behavioral abnormalities which appear following lesions of the central nervous system.

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Section: Measurement Of the Size Of The Receptive Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

An abnormal annual rhythm in adrenaline excretion and grooming reflexes in cats with pontile lesions

Parsons

Randal

1986

Journal of Interdisiplinary Cycle Research

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“…The receptive fields then were sketched on standard outline drawings of a cat, and the areal extent of the receptive field on the outline drawing (in terms of percentage of the total outline) was taken as the quantitative estimate of the size of the receptive field. Complete details (and a photograph of the outline drawing) have been presented (Trulson, Nicolay, & Randall, 1975). Reliable estimates of the size of the receptive field are obtained with this method; for example, in one study, a mean of 30.10%, with a standard error of 0.24%, was obtained with repeated measures (Johnson & Randall, 1983).…”

Section: Grooming Reflexes and Convulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grooming reflexes and Brown-Séquard epilepsy in cats with pontile lesions.

Randall¹,

Randall²,

Johnson³

1985

Behavioral Neuroscience

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The literature on the relation between the scratch reflex and Brown-Séquard epilepsy in the guinea pig indicates that the scratch reflex is a stimulus-induced myoclonus that is the first component of a complete seizure. Cats with pontile lesions and cats with frontal neocortical lesions exhibit the scratch reflex and other grooming reflexes. The grooming reflexes in cats with pontile lesions develop over a period of a year or more into complete seizures that are similar to Brown-Séquard epilepsy as described for the guinea pig by Brown-Séquard and others. Cinematographic analyses revealed that the scratch reflex in cats with pontile lesions and in cats with frontal neocortical lesions has the same frequency and the same complex spatial and temporal pattern as normal scratching behavior. In addition, the myoclonus of the complete seizures is identified as the scratch reflex, representing a very vigorous and long-lasting afterdischarge. Reconstruction of the pontile lesions indicate that the lateral and rostral portions of the paralemniscal tegmental fields were destroyed along with portions of the pontile gray and pyramidal tract.

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“…However, if an obstacle was placed in the way, the head would be raised to avoid the obstacle and complete the turn. Interestingly, cats with frontal cortical lesions do not always Show such an apparent need to integrate; Trulson, Nicolay and Randall (1975) describe aimless grooming movements in response to a tactile stimulus in these animals and in animals having certain other lesions. This observation bears a similarity to the phenomenon of undirected sham rage sben in decorticate cats (Bard & Mountcastle, 1948).…”

Section: Autonomy Of Subsystems and Coher-ence Of Behaviok Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that neuroleptics are most effective against these, as well as against stereotyped thoughts (Van Rossum, Janssen, Boissier, JuIou, Loew, Moller, Munkvad, Randrup, Stille, & Tedeschi, 1970). Neuroleptics are also antidotes for amphetamine psychosis (Snyder, Banerjee, Yamamura, & Greenberg, 1974, p. 1245.…”

Section: Neural Loci Of Antipsychotic Drug Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are enhanced during neurolepticinduced catalepsy in experimental animals. In animals, local application of KCl depressed caudate function and increased locomotor activity, exploration and stereotyped movements (Stille, 1970). Lesions of the rat's globus pallidus are followed by deficits in limb usage and, of special interest with regard t o tardive dyskinesia, apparent inability to extend the tongue to drink (Levine & Schwartzbaum, 1973).…”

Section: Neural Loci Of Antipsychotic Drug Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A neural systems theory of schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia

Glassman

1976

Syst. Res.

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Some systems ideas applied to individual persons are used to try to explain symptoms of schizophrenia and a syndrome of uncontrolled fragments of movement which sometimes occurs as a side effect of chronic, antipsychotic drug therapy. The behavior of normal organisms may be conceptualized in three echelons of control, with each successively higher echelon organizing, by selective disinhibition, semiautonomous, spontaneous fragments of activity which comprise the next lower echelon. It is hypothesized that schizophrenia involves a deficiency of inhibition by the frontal cortex, first echelon, on the corpus striatum, second echelon. This results first in insufficiently integrated fragments of behavior, and second in premature associative linkages among active elements. First echelon control develops as a normal person matures and gradually loses some of the playful activities of childhood. It is hypothesized that by disrupting certain aspects of activity in the corpus striatum, neuroleptic drugs reduce schizophrenic symptoms but also reduce the capacity of the second echelon to inhibit and integrate the smaller behavioral fragments wired into lower parts of the brain, third echelon. This results in uncontrolled movements. Though many researchers already favor the hypothesis that neuroleptic drugs act on the corpus striatum, the broader theory presented here is new and depends in large part on general living systems considerations. Emphasis is on conceptual decomposition of the integrated behavior of a whole organism into less complex subsystems. Individually, these have neither too much nor too little complexity to yield a plausible model. Some experimental predictions and predictions about possible therapies are made from the theory.

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Abnormalities in grooming behavior and tryptophan hydroxylase activity in the superior colliculi in cats with pontile and frontal neocortical lesions

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

An abnormal annual rhythm in adrenaline excretion and grooming reflexes in cats with pontile lesions

An abnormal annual rhythm in adrenaline excretion and grooming reflexes in cats with pontile lesions

Grooming reflexes and Brown-Séquard epilepsy in cats with pontile lesions.

A neural systems theory of schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia

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