Absence of &lt;i&gt;Neisseria meningitidis&lt;/i&gt; from Throat Swabs of Kuwaiti Pilgrims after Returning from the Hajj

Husain, Entesar H.; Dashti, Ali A.; Electricwala, Qudsiya Y.; AbdulSamad, AbdulSamad M.; Al-Sayegh, Safeya

doi:10.1159/000312721

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Bacterial carriage among Australian Hajj pilgrims latter two studies respectively, 15% and 58.5% pilgrims reported using antibiotics during Hajj [48,49] . Other studies conducted in Iran and Kuwait demonstrated that a single dose of ciprofloxacin before travel essentially eradicated meningococcal carriage [50,51] . The low carriage rate several weeks after Hajj in our study could possibly be indicative of the effect of a fairly high uptake (44.1%) of conjugate meningococcal vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of Australian Hajj pilgrims for carriage of potentially pathogenic bacteria: Data from two pilot studies

Azeem¹,

Tashani²,

Badahdah³

et al. 2017

WJCC

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AIMTo estimate the pharyngeal carriage rate of Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis), Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) among Australian Hajj pilgrims.METHODSIn 2014, surveillance was conducted in two phases among Australian Hajj pilgrims: The first phase during Hajj in Mina, and the second phase soon after returning home to Australia. Nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs were taken from participants then tested, firstly by nucleic acid testing, and also by standard culture.RESULTSOf 183 participants recruited in the first phase, 26 (14.2%) tested positive for S. pneumoniae; 4 had received pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Only one tested positive for N. meningitidis (W). Of 93 2nd phase samples cultured, 17 (18.3%) grew S. aureus, all methicillin sensitive, 2 (2.2%) grew N. meningitidis (on subculture; one serotype B, one negative), and 1 (1%), from an unvaccinated pilgrim, grew S. pneumoniae.CONCLUSIONRelatively high carriage of S. pneumoniae and little meningococcal carriage was found. This indicates the importance of a larger study for improved infection surveillance and possible vaccine evaluation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of Australian Hajj pilgrims for carriage of potentially pathogenic bacteria: Data from two pilot studies

Azeem¹,

Tashani²,

Badahdah³

et al. 2017

WJCC

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“…35,55 From one perspective, chemoprophylaxis can reduce or eliminate the carriage of N. meningitidis, therefore reducing the risk of transmission and disease. 16,56 This is particularly important for pilgrims arriving from the African meningitis belt and all returning pilgrims after Hajj. This is the more relevant given that vaccines currently used by many pilgrims do not have a major impact on carriage and their uptake is variable, especially among locals.…”

Section: Antibiotic Chemoprophylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of meningococcal disease during the Hajj and Umrah mass gatherings: past and current measures and future prospects

Yezli

Saeed

Assiri

et al. 2016

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has a long history of instituting preventative measures against meningococcal disease (MD). KSA is at risk of outbreaks of MD due to its geographic location, demography, and especially because it hosts the annual Hajj and Umrah mass gatherings. Preventative measures for Hajj and Umrah include vaccination, targeted chemoprophylaxis, health awareness and educational campaigns, as well as an active disease surveillance and response system. Preventative measures have been introduced and updated in accordance with changes in the epidemiology of MD and available preventative tools. The mandatory meningococcal vaccination policy for pilgrims has possibly been the major factor in preventing outbreaks during the pilgrimages. The policy of chemoprophylaxis for all pilgrims arriving from the African meningitis belt has also probably been important in reducing the carriage and transmission of Neisseria meningitidis in KSA and beyond. The preventative measures for Hajj and Umrah are likely to continue to focus on vaccination, but to favour the conjugate vaccine for its extra benefits over the polysaccharide vaccines. Additionally, the surveillance system will continue to be strengthened to ensure early detection and response to cases and outbreaks; ongoing disease awareness campaigns for pilgrims will continue, as will chemoprophylaxis for target groups. Local and worldwide surveillance of the disease and drug-resistant N. meningitidis are crucial in informing future recommendations for vaccination, chemoprophylaxis, and treatment. Preventative measures should be reviewed regularly and updated accordingly, and compliance with these measures should be monitored and enhanced to prevent MD during Hajj and Umrah, as well as local and international outbreaks.

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“…In one study, a single dose of ciprofloxacin decreased carriage rate from 8.1% to zero before and after pilgrimage [8]. Of 177 pilgrims, 92% were vaccinated with meningococcal quadrivalent vaccine before the Hajj and 83% received one dose of ciprofloxacin before leaving Makkah and none had N. meningitidis upon return from the Hajj [9]. The current recommendations call for a single dose of ciprofloxacin and ACYW135 meningococcal vaccine for visitors from the African meningitis belt: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, GuineaBissau, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal and Sudan [3,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential risk for drug resistance globalization at the Hajj

Al‐Tawfiq

Memish

2015

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Antibiotics were once considered the miracle cure for infectious diseases. The tragedy would be the loss of these miracles as we witness increased antibiotic resistance throughout the world. One of the concerns during mass gatherings is the transmission of antibiotic resistance. Hajj is one of the most common recurring mass gatherings, attracting millions of people from around the world. The transmission of drug-resistant organisms during the Hajj is not well described. In the current review, we summarize the available literature on the transmission and acquisition of antibiotic resistance during the Hajj and present possible solutions.

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Absence of <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> from Throat Swabs of Kuwaiti Pilgrims after Returning from the Hajj

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Surveillance of Australian Hajj pilgrims for carriage of potentially pathogenic bacteria: Data from two pilot studies

Surveillance of Australian Hajj pilgrims for carriage of potentially pathogenic bacteria: Data from two pilot studies

Prevention of meningococcal disease during the Hajj and Umrah mass gatherings: past and current measures and future prospects

Potential risk for drug resistance globalization at the Hajj

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