Absorption and distribution of radio-tungstate in bone and soft tissues

Wase, Arthur W.

doi:10.1016/0003-9861(56)90349-6

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…If activity is transferred from shielded areas such as bone to less shielded areas, the effect on the whole-body measurements would be to increase the observed half-time, while the effect of increased excretion would be to reduce the half-time measured by excreta collection. Measurements of organs and tissues following sacrifice of the dogs indicated that the concentration of activity in the bones was considerably less than that expected on the basis of concentrations found in tissues of rats and mice sacrificed soon after injection of tungsten compounds (BALLOU, 1960;FLEISHMAN et al, 1966;KAYE, 1968;SCOTT, 1952;WASE, 1956). A recent study (MORROW et al, 1972) of the inhalation of uranium trioxide by beagle dogs indicated that the build-up of activity in the chest wall may tend to obliterate the loss from the lungs when it is measured by gamma ray counting in the thoracic region.…”

Section: Removal O F Inhaled Tungsh Oxide-excretion Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Inhalation of 181W Labeled Tungstic Oxide by Six Beagle Dogs

Aamodt¹

1975

Health Physics

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Six purebred beagle dogs were exposed to 1.9-8pCi of 1sLW03 by nose only inhalation. The aerosol had an activity median aerodynamic diameter of 0.70pm and a geometric standard deviation of 1.5. The activity deposited in the respiratory tract of each animal was estimated by three independent techniques. Retention and excretion were measured over 165 days. Following inhalation, 60% of the inhaled activity was deposited in the respiratory tract. Of this, about half was located, by gamma ray spectroscopy, in the lower portion of the tracheobronchial compartment and in the pulmonary compartment. Removal of the inhaled activity from the body was quite rapid. Partial body retention was determined from in-vivo gamma counting over the lung area and over the posterior portion of the dog's body. Whole-body retention was also estimated by subtracting the excreted activity from the inhaled activity at various times. The following retention patterns were determined, where t is the time in days:Visceral position R = 0,94e-(0.693/0.357)t + 0.04e-(0.693/6.3)t + om02e-(0.693/139)t Excreta collection R = 0.90e-(0.693/0.603)t + 0.06e-(0.693/5.8)t + 0.O4e-(0.693/63)taThe ratio of cumulative urinary excretion to cumulative fecal excretion for 165 days ranged from 0.57 to 1.8. This variation may have been related to differences in the clearance patterns of the individual dogs. Blood measurements indicated that the inhaled tungstic oxide entered the blood quite soon after inhalation and was rapidly removed. Measurements of selected organ and tissue samples at sacrifice (165 days post-inhalation) showed the highest concentration of tungsten in lung and kidney. Bone, gall bladder, liver and spleen were all about a factor of ten less than the lung, while the remaining organs decreased in the order: testes, pancreas, large intestine, small intestine, diaphragm, stomach, heart, and skeletal muscle.In terms of total organ burdens; most of the activity was found in bone (37%), lung (31 %), kidney (15%), liver (9.773, and skeletal muscle (5.7%). Body burdens calculated from organ and tissue burdens were in good agreement with in uiuo gamma measurements at sacrifice.

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Section: Removal O F Inhaled Tungsh Oxide-excretion Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Inhalation of 181W Labeled Tungstic Oxide by Six Beagle Dogs

Aamodt¹

1975

Health Physics

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“…Although the disposition and elimination of W in the rat and larger animals was reported previously (Kaye 1968;Bell and Sneed 1970;Chertok and Lake 1971;Aamodt 1973;Mullen, Bretthauer, and Stanley 1976;Le Lamer et al 2002), these are some of the first-known data on the disposition and elimination of W in mice (Wase 1956;Barbera, Rodriguez-Gil, and Guinovart 1994;Barbera et al 1997). In addition, the current study reports transplacental disposition to fetuses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…However, tungstate is (1) the naturally occurring form of W, (2) readily soluble in water, and (3) the most likely form encountered in the environment. Other forms of administered W included dithiotungstate, trithiotungstate, tetrathiotungstate, tungstic oxide, tungstic acid, and many different salts of tungstate (Wase 1956;Young, Bremner, and Mills 1982;Mason et al 1989). Many of the previous studies were single-dose studies (Wase 1956;Kaye 1968;Young, Bremner, and Mills 1982;Mason et al 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other forms of administered W included dithiotungstate, trithiotungstate, tetrathiotungstate, tungstic oxide, tungstic acid, and many different salts of tungstate (Wase 1956;Young, Bremner, and Mills 1982;Mason et al 1989). Many of the previous studies were single-dose studies (Wase 1956;Kaye 1968;Young, Bremner, and Mills 1982;Mason et al 1989). Few studies report the effects of repeat dose (Le Lamer et al 2001, 2002 or drinking water exposures (Barbera, Rodriguez-Gil, and Guinovart 1994;Barbera et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disposition of tungsten in rodents after repeat oral and drinking water exposures

Weber

Marr

Kracko

et al. 2008

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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Repeat oral doses of tungsten (W) show retention in kidneys, intestine, and femur as well as translocation of small amounts to neonates. Furthermore, W exposure leads to decreased function of molybdenum (Mo)-containing enzymes in kidneys, liver, and intestine. The chemical disposition of W (administered as sodium tungstate dihydrate in water) in plasma, liver, kidneys, uterus, femur, and intestine of rodents (Sprague-Dawley rats and C57Bl/6N mice) was characterized after repeat exposure by gavage (10 mg kg À1 ) or drinking water (560 mg L À1 ) for 14 consecutive days. Separately, the same species were exposed to drinking water (560 mg L À1 ) during gestation for 9 (mice) or 10 (rats) days. For the rodents exposed during gestation, all the aforementioned tissues were analyzed in addition to the fetus to assess transplacental disposition. Animals were euthanized 24 h after the last day of dosing. At sacrifice, plasma, intestine, liver, kidneys, femur, uterus, and fetus were collected for analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. W was detectable in plasma and all tissues and in fetus of both rats and mice. W accumulation occurred in intestine, kidneys, and femur. The possible sources for enrichment/retention in these tissues include the intestine being the primary route of entry for oral exposures, kidneys being the primary route of elimination (495% excreted through the urine as shown in previous studies), and the ability of W to displace phosphate in bone and be retained in the femur. Enzyme activity of Mo-dependent enzymes xanthine oxidase (XO) and sulfite oxidase (SO) was also evaluated in liver, intestine, and kidneys due to the propensity of W to substitute for Mo. Enzyme activity was reduced in kidneys and intestine, while it was unaltered in liver.

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“…The bone, liver, and kidneys are principle sites of tungsten deposition in a number of different species (Kinard and Aull, 1945;Wase, 1956;Kaye, 1968;Bell and Sneed, 1970;Aamodt, 1975) and the primary site of tungsten deposition is speciesspecific. In the present study, the concentration of tungsten was highest in the liver, intermediate in the femur, and lowest in the kidneys and gonads.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological Effects and Metal Residue Concentrations Following Chronic Dosing With Tungsten-Iron and Tungsten-Polymer Shot in Adult Game-Farm Mallards

Mitchell

Fitzgerald

Aulerich

et al. 2001

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service required a chronic dosing study that assessed the health and reproductive effects of tungsten-iron and tungsten-polymer shot in adult game-farm mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) prior to granting permanent approval of the shot for waterfowl hunting. Herein, we present the effects of tungsten-iron and tungsten-polymer shot on various hematologic parameters and metal residue concentrations in the femur, liver, kidneys, and gonads. Thirty-two-bird groups (sexes equal) of adult mallards were dosed orally with eight #4 steel shot (control), eight #4 tungsten-iron shot, or eight #4 tungsten-polymer shot on days 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 of a 150 day trial (26 January 1998 to 25 June 1998). An additional 12 mallards (sexes equal) received eight #4 lead shot (positive control) on day 0 of the study. Lead-dosed mallards had significantly decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and whole-blood delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity on day 7, as well as significant changes in a number of plasma chemistry parameters compared to ducks in the control, tungsten-iron, or tungsten-polymer groups. Mallards dosed with tungsten-iron or tungsten-polymer shot had occasional significant differences in hematocrit and plasma chemistry values when compared to control mallards over the 150 day period, but these changes were not considered to be indicative of deleterious effects. Low concentrations of tungsten were detected in gonad and kidney samples from males and females and in liver samples from females dosed with tungsten-polymer shot. Tungsten was also detected in femur samples from tungsten-polymer-dosed mallards. Higher concentrations of tungsten were detected in femur, liver, kidney, and gonad samples from tungsten-iron-dosed ducks. Tungsten-iron or tungsten-polymer shot repeatedly administered to adult mallards did not cause adverse hematological effects during the 150 day trial. Concentrations of tungsten in the femur, liver, kidneys, and gonads were generally higher in tungsten-iron-dosed ducks when compared to tungsten-polymer-dosed ducks.

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Absorption and distribution of radio-tungstate in bone and soft tissues

Cited by 19 publications

References 2 publications

Inhalation of 181W Labeled Tungstic Oxide by Six Beagle Dogs

Inhalation of 181W Labeled Tungstic Oxide by Six Beagle Dogs

Disposition of tungsten in rodents after repeat oral and drinking water exposures

Hematological Effects and Metal Residue Concentrations Following Chronic Dosing With Tungsten-Iron and Tungsten-Polymer Shot in Adult Game-Farm Mallards

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