AC Barrie hard red spring wheat

119

104

Wheat is Canada's largest crop with most of the production in the western Canadian prairie provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. Since wheat production started in western Canada, over 100 yr ago, market classes of hexaploid spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were the dominant type of wheat, although production of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.)] has grown significantly over this period, and hexaploid winter wheat was grown on a relatively small portion of the wheat area. Within hexaploid wheat there has been diversification into a number of market classes based on different end-use quality criteria. The predominant spring bread wheat class has been the Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) class. A few cultivars were grown extensively over a long period of time, such as the CWRS wheat Thatcher, which was the dominant cultivar from 1939 to 1968, and Kyle, which was the leading Canada Western Amber Durum (CWAD) cultivar from 1988 to 2004. Other cultivars dominated particular wheat classes for many years such as Glenlea, Canada Western Extra Strong (CWES) spring wheat and Norstar, Canada Western Red Winter (CWRW) wheat. The reasons for newer cultivars replacing older cultivars include improvements in grain yield, resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.), leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.), and other diseases, resistance to wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.), enhanced end-use quality, and other agronomic characteristics such as lodging resistance. Cultivars with improved pest resistance were often rapidly adopted, such as Thatcher and Selkirk, in response to the stem rust epidemics in the 1930s and 1950s, and Rescue and Lillian in response to wheat stem sawfly epidemics in the 1940s and 2000s. Improved grain yield led to the rapid increase of many cultivars including Marquis in the 1910s and 1920s, Neepawa, Wascana and Wakooma in the 1970s, AC Barrie in the 1990s, and Superb in the 2000s. Increased breeding efforts recently have led to many more highly adapted cultivars and subsequently more diverse wheat production. Wheat classes and cultivars in the prairies continue to improve and diversify to meet the challenges of the marketplace and the production concerns of wheat growers. Key words: Rust, fusarium head blight, cereal quality, protein

Section: Canada Western Red Spring Wheat (Cwrs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of wheat cultivars grown in the Canadian prairies

McCallum¹,

DePauw²

2008

119

104

“…The cultivars included AC Taber (late) (Knox et al 1992), AC Foremost (medium) (Thomas et al 1997), AC Barrie (medium) (McCaig et al 1995), AC Intrepid (early) (DePauw et al 1999) and Cutler (early) (Briggs et al 1991). The respective days to maturity of these cultivars are 112, 109, 109, 103 and 102 d (Alberta Agriculture 2002).…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A genetic examination of early flowering and maturity in Canadian spring wheat

Iqbal¹,

Navabi²,

Salmon³

et al. 2006

A genetic examination of early flowering and maturity in Canadian spring wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 995-1004. Under short-season western Canadian growing conditions, vernalization non-responsiveness is generally considered a preferable spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) phenotype, to avoid inconsistent maturity and yield patterns. The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic factors affecting early flowering and maturity, and related agronomic traits, in a set of five Canadian spring wheat cultivars. The cultivars were first studied under 10-and 16-h photoperiods and 0-and 42-d vernalization treatments. Thereafter, the parents and F 1 hybrids from a one-way diallel mating design were grown with and without a 42-d vernalization treatment. Shorter photoperiod delayed flowering time in all cultivars, and increased final leaf number in AC Barrie. Vernalization hastened flowering and decreased final leaf number in AC Foremost and AC Taber. AC Foremost and AC Taber carry at least one different allele, from the rest of the cultivars studied, at the major loci governing vernalization response. Leaf and spikelet number on the main culm, days to anthesis and maturity, tiller number and yield plant -1 were mainly controlled by additive gene action. Narrow-sense heritability was medium to high (0.53-0.93) for final leaf number, days to anthesis, spikelet number and grain yield, but low to medium (0.20-0.71) for days to maturity and tiller number. Selection for early flowering under non-vernalizing conditions may aid in the breeding of (vernalization non-responsive) early-maturing spring wheat cultivars in western Canada. Early maturity is an important objective of spring wheat breeding programs in northern growing regions. Short growing seasons, low temperatures early and late in the growing season, and long days (>14 h) typify regions such as the Canadian prairies. Due to the short growing season (95-125 d) in western Canada, the development of earlymaturing cultivars is important to avoid frost damage, which can adversely affect production and quality. Early maturing cultivars may also be less prone to pre-harvest sprouting (Hucl and Matus-Cadiz 2002), which is common in years of cold and wet harvest conditions. Growth and developmental phases (tillering, stem elongation, ear emergence, anthesis and ripening) of wheat are controlled by vernalization and photoperiod response, and earliness per se genes (Kosner and Pankova 1998

“…f. sp. McCaig et al 1996) and Superb. At the Cereal Research Centre, disease severity in artificially inoculated field nurseries was estimated for leaf rust and stem rust using the modified Cobb scale (Peterson et al 1948).…”

Section: Pedigree and Breeding Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waskada hard red spring wheat

Fox¹,

Thomas²,

Wise³

et al. 2009

. In comparison with the check cultivars (Katepwa, McKenzie, CDC Teal, AC Barrie, and Superb), the grain yield of Waskada was similar to that of the best check in Manitoba and in Saskatchewan. Waskada matures 1 d later than AC Barrie and 1 d earlier than Superb. Waskada had similar height and lodging characteristics as Katepwa and McKenzie. The test weight of Waskada was 1.3 kg hL Á1 higher than McKenzie, the best check. Waskada demonstrated moderate resistance to leaf rust but very good resistance to stem rust. Resistance to common bunt and loose smut was good, being similar to the more resistant checks Superb and Katepwa, respectively. Resistance to Fusarium head blight was better than the best check in four determinations made over the 3 yr of registration testing. Waskada appears to deter egg laying by the orange blossom wheat midge. Waskada has good preharvest sprouting resistance with similar or lower sprouting scores than the best check in 4 yr of testing, and it also maintained its falling numbers after natural or artificial weathering of spikes. End-use quality tests identified that Waskada had significantly higher amylograph viscosity than all checks except Superb. Waskada had a significantly lower loaf volume than CDC Teal and AC Barrie and was within the range of the checks for other quality traits. . Waskada re´siste mode´re´ment a`la rouille des feuilles, mais oppose une tre`s bonne re´sistance a`celle de la tige. La varie´te´re´siste bien a`la carie et au charbon nu, sa re´sistance e´tant similaire a`celles de Superb et de Katepwa, les te´moins respectivement les plus re´sistants aux deux maladies. Waskada a mieux re´siste´a`la bruˆlure de l'e´pi par Fusarium que le meilleur te´moin lors des quatre analyses effectue´es durant les trois anne´es d'essais pre´ce´dant l'homologation. Waskada semble re´sister a`la ponte des aeufs par la ce´cidomyie orange´e du ble´. Le cultivar re´siste bien a`la germination sur pied avant la re´colte, avec une proportion de plants germe´s semblable ou infe´rieure a`celle du meilleur te´moin lors des quatre anne´es d'essai. Waskada conserve aussi son indice de Hagberg apre`s l'alte´ration sur pied naturelle ou artificielle des e´pis. Selon les tests sur la qualiteá`l 'utilisation finale, Waskada pre´sente une viscosite´sensiblement plus e´leve´e a`l'amylographe que celle de tous les cultivars te´moins sauf Superb. Waskada donne un pain sensiblement moins volumineux que CDC Teal et AC Barrie, mais ses autres parame`tres qualitatifs se situent dans la fourchette des valeurs te´moins.Mots clé s: Triticum aestivum L., description de cultivar, ble´roux de printemps, poids spe´cifique, germination sur pied, bruˆlure de l'e´pi par Fusarium, anti-oviposition de la ce´cidomyie du ble9 For personal use only.