ac Vortex-Dependent Torsional Oscillation Response and Onset Temperature<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>in Solid<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi>He</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts /><mml:none /><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math>

Penzev, A.; Yasuta, Yoshinori; Kubota, Minoru

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.101.065301

Phys. Rev. Lett.

2008

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.065301

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ac Vortex-Dependent Torsional Oscillation Response and Onset TemperatureT0in SolidHe4

A. Penzev

Yoshinori Yasuta

Minoru Kubota

Abstract: Detailed studies of ac velocity V_{ac} and T dependence of torsional oscillator responses of solid 4He are reported. A characteristic onset temperature T_{0} approximately 0.5 K is found, below which a significant V_{ac}-dependent change occurs in the energy dissipation for the samples at approximately 32 bar and for one at 49 bar. A V_{ac} dependence of the so-called "nonclassical rotational inertia" fraction also appears below approximately T_{0}. The log(V_{ac}) linear dependence, which suggests involvement… Show more

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Cited by 56 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…With exquisite sensitivity they detected a reproducible decrease in the oscillator period upon lowering the temperature below 200 mK. Subsequent experiments in several laboratories [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11] have now reproduced these results. The size of the effect depends on the sample preparation, pressure, and concentration of 3 He impurities.…”

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confidence: 74%

“…With exquisite sensitivity they detected a reproducible decrease in the oscillator period upon lowering the temperature below 200 mK. Subsequent experiments in several laboratories [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11] A natural interpretation of the TO anomalies is the onset of the elusive and long-anticipated supersolid phase of matter [14,15,16]. In a supersolid, superfluidity coexists with the crystalline order of a solid; one expects a supersolid to exhibit superflow, much like a superfluid.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Theory of viscoelastic behavior of solidH4e

Yoo

Dorsey

2009

Phys. Rev. B

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Over the last five years several experimental groups have reported anomalies in the temperature dependence of the period and amplitude of a torsional oscillator containing solid 4 He. We model these experiments by assuming that 4 He is a viscoelastic solid-a solid with frequency dependent internal friction. We find that while our model can provide a quantitative account of the dissipation observed in the torsional oscillator experiments, it only accounts for about 10% of the observed period shift, leaving open the possibility that the remaining period shift is due to the onset of superfluidity in the sample.PACS numbers: 67.80. -s, 67.40.-w, 46.35.+z In 2004 Kim and Chan [1,2] reported anomalies in the resonant period of a torsional oscillator (TO) containing solid 4 He. With exquisite sensitivity they detected a reproducible decrease in the oscillator period upon lowering the temperature below 200 mK. Subsequent experiments in several laboratories [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11] A natural interpretation of the TO anomalies is the onset of the elusive and long-anticipated supersolid phase of matter [14,15,16]. In a supersolid, superfluidity coexists with the crystalline order of a solid; one expects a supersolid to exhibit superflow, much like a superfluid. Leggett [16] proposed that the superflow is best detected by searching for "nonclassical rotational inertia"; a superfluid condensate would remain at rest and not participate in rotation, and the resulting mass decoupling would reduce the rotational inertia and decrease the resonant period of oscillation. While compelling, the supersolid interpretation of these experiments has yet to be corroborated by other measurements, such as the response to pressure differences [17]. Moreover, Day and Beamish [18] reported a pronounced increase in the shear modulus of 4 He at temperatures below 200 mK, with a dependence on measurement amplitude and 3 He impurity concentration similar to the TO anomalies. Their results suggest that changes in the shear modulus might be intimately related to the TO anomalies.This Letter presents a detailed discussion of the mechanical response of a TO containing a viscoelastic solid. We build on earlier work by Nussinov et al. [19], who correctly identified a "back action" term in the TO equation of motion that represents the dynamical effect of the solid helium on the torsion cell. However, in contrast to Nussinov et al. we find no need to assume that the solid helium behaves as a glass. Instead, with a few carefully stated assumptions, we find that we can model the solid helium as a classical viscoelastic solid-i.e., a solid with internal friction. The TO period shift and dissipation peak are naturally related to the real and imaginary parts of the frequency-dependent shear modulus of the solid. We use our results to fit the dissipation peak reported in Clark et al. [5], and extract a temperature dependent time scale τ (T ) from the data. With all of the phenomenological parameters determined, we find that we are only able to account for ab...

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mentioning

confidence: 74%

“…With exquisite sensitivity they detected a reproducible decrease in the oscillator period upon lowering the temperature below 200 mK. Subsequent experiments in several laboratories [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11] A natural interpretation of the TO anomalies is the onset of the elusive and long-anticipated supersolid phase of matter [14,15,16]. In a supersolid, superfluidity coexists with the crystalline order of a solid; one expects a supersolid to exhibit superflow, much like a superfluid.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of viscoelastic behavior of solidH4e

Yoo

Dorsey

2009

Phys. Rev. B

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“…missing, rotational inertia (NCRI) in solid helium at low temperature has been reported in torsional oscillator (TO) experiments in at least 9 different laboratories. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The solid helium samples inside the TOs have dimensions of at most five centimeters. If solid helium at low temperature is a 'standard' superfluid, like superconductivity and superfluidity in liquid helium, one would expect the observation of NCRI will not be limited to centimeter length scales.…”

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confidence: 99%

Probing phase coherence in solid helium using torsional oscillators of different path lengths

et al. 2012

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Long range phase coherence is a critical signature of macroscopic quantum phenomena. To date, non-classical rotational inertia (NCRI) of solid helium has been reported only in samples with physical dimension of at most five centimeters. We have investigated solid helium in longer path length torsional oscillators. Samples of length ranging from 6 to 100 cm were grown inside toroids and in self-connected long capillaries. NCRI of 4 × 10 −5 and 3 × 10 −5 were found in cells with path length of 6 and 9 cm. In cells with path length of 30 and 100 cm, NCRI if exists, is less than 7 × 10 −5 and 4 × 10 −5 respectively.

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“…Special attention is given to evidence for the vortex state as the vortex fluid (VF) state 3,4,5,6 and its transition into the supersolid (SS) state 7,8,9 . Its features are described.…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantized Vortex State in hcp Solid 4He

Kubota

2012

J Low Temp Phys

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Keywords solid He · vortex state · vortex fluid state · supersolid state Abstract The quantized vortex state appearing in the recently discovered new states in hcp 4 He since their discovery 1,2 is discussed. Special attention is given to evidence for the vortex state as the vortex fluid (VF) state 3,4,5,6 and its transition into the supersolid (SS) state 7,8,9 . Its features are described. The historical explanations 10,11,12,13,14 for the SS state in quantum solids such as solid 4 He were based on the idea of Bose Einstein Condensation (BEC) of the imperfections such as vacancies, interstitials and other possible excitations in the quantum solids which are expected because of the large zero-point motions. The SS state was proposed as a new state of matter in which real space ordering of the lattice structure of the solid coexists with the momentum space ordering of superfluidity. A new type of superconductors, since the discovery of the cuprate high T c superconductors, HTSCs 15 , has been shown to share a feature with the vortex state, involving the VF and vortex solid states. The high T c s of these materials are being discussed in connection to the large fluctuations associated with some other phase transitions like the antiferromagnetic transition in addition to that of the low dimensionality. The supersolidity in the hcp solid 4 He, in contrast to the new superconductors which have multiple degrees of freedom of the Cooper pairs with spin as well as angular momentum freedom, has a unique feature of possessing possibly only the momentum fluctuations and vortex ring excitations associated with the possible low dimensional fluctuations of the subsystem(s). The high onset temperature of the VF state can be understood by considering thermally excited low D quantized vortices and it may be necessary to seek low dimensional sub-systems in hcp He which are hosts for vortices.PACS numbers: 67.80.bd 67.25.dk 67.25.dt 67.85.De

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ac Vortex-Dependent Torsional Oscillation Response and Onset TemperatureT0in SolidHe4

Cited by 56 publications

References 26 publications

Theory of viscoelastic behavior of solidH4e

Theory of viscoelastic behavior of solidH4e

Probing phase coherence in solid helium using torsional oscillators of different path lengths

Quantized Vortex State in hcp Solid 4He

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