Academic Achievement of Small-for-Gestational-Age Children at Age 10 Years

Hollo, Outi; Rautava, Päivi; Korhonen, Tapani; Helenius, Hans; Kero, Pentti; Sillanpää, M

doi:10.1001/archpedi.156.2.179

Cited by 95 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Zubrick SR et al 20 stated that a wider range of mental health problems was present (anxiety, depression, ADHD, and conduct disorder) in cases with low birth weights. In our study, similar to the literature 5,22,24,32 , the school success was found to be lower in the cases with SGA when compared to the control group (47.8% vs. 9.3%), and they were diagnosed with ADHD more frequently.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Low JA et al 23 reported that learning difficulties were present in 35% cases, and lower IQ scores, behavioral disorders, inattention, and anxiety issues in these children. In another study, 10 th age academic success was lower in SGA cases, but there was no significant difference between them in terms of WISC-R results 22 . Zubrick SR et al 20 stated that a wider range of mental health problems was present (anxiety, depression, ADHD, and conduct disorder) in cases with low birth weights.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Studies have shown that, in babies born with SGA, there are mild neurological, behavioral, emotional problems at various levels, and their cognitive scores and academic successes are lower when compared to children born with a normal birth weight according to gestational age. When the literature was analyzed, low birth weight was found to be related to problems such as attention deficit, ADHD, anxiety-depression, aggression, and disorders of mental state involving symptoms of both introversion and extroversion [20][21][22][23][24] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants born full-term with low birth weight

et al. 2017

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In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the neurological developments of preschool or school-aged children together with their school successes, intelligence quotient and symptom severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who were born at the 37 th gestational week and above with birth weights below tenth percentile, which is called small for gestational age (SGA). A total of 74 patients with SGA and 75 healthy children were evaluated. The patients were evaluated by child neurologist and child psychiatrist. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised, Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory, and The Turgay DSM-IV-Based Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S) were applied according to their age groups. SGA cases had been breastfed for shorter durations (p: 0.004), had walked later (p<0.001), talked later (p<0.001), and had encountered more vision disorders (p: 0.009) than the control group. SGA cases were determined to encounter febrile convulsions more frequently (p: 0.007). SGA cases were determined to exhibit lower school success (p<0.001), were diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder more frequently (p<0.001), and their mental developments were delayed (p<0.001). In cases with SGA, inattention (p: 0.004) and conduct disorder (p: 0.029) subscales and the total scale scores (p: 0.022) of T-DSM-IV-S were significantly lower when compared to the control group. We consider that being SGA may have a negative impact on child's behavior, attention and academic achievement in long-term.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants born full-term with low birth weight

et al. 2017

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“…NTELLECTUAL PERFORMANCE, COGNITIVE function, and academic achievement are independently associated with both gestational age and measures of fetal growth. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] We showed previously that risks for low intellectual performance related to short gestational age and indicators of reduced fetal growth (low birth weight, short birth length, and a small head circumference for gestational age) remain after controlling for socioeconomic and familial factors. 8 It has been hypothesized that the impact of fetal growth restriction on the child's long-term cognitive and motor development varies with gestational age at birth.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Risks for Low Intellectual Performance Related to Being Born Small for Gestational Age Are Modified by Gestational Age

Belizán

2006

Pediatrics

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OBJECTIVE. We sought to study whether the association between being born small for gestational age and risk for low intellectual performance was modified by gestational age.METHODS. A population-based cohort study was conducted of 352 125 boys who were born between 28 and 43 completed weeks of gestation from 1973 to 1981 in Sweden. Risk for low intellectual performance at military conscription, estimated as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals was measured.RESULTS. Compared with men who were born preterm (28 -36 weeks) and had normal birth weight for gestational age, men who were born preterm and had a very low birth weight for gestational age were not at increased risk for low intellectual performance. In contrast, men who were born preterm with a very short birth length or a very small head circumference for gestational age faced a near doubled risk for low intellectual performance compared with their appropriate peers. Among men who were born at term (37-41 weeks), risk for low intellectual performance was increased among those with very or moderately small birth weight, birth length, or head circumference for gestational age.CONCLUSIONS. During early stages of gestation, growth in length and head circumference may be more important for intellectual development than weight increase. Future studies on size at birth and intellectual performance should consider also including anthropometric measurements other than birth weight. NTELLECTUAL PERFORMANCE, COGNITIVE function, and academic achievement are independently associated with both gestational age and measures of fetal growth. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] We showed previously that risks for low intellectual performance related to short gestational age and indicators of reduced fetal growth (low birth weight, short birth length, and a small head circumference for gestational age) remain after controlling for socioeconomic and familial factors. 8 It has been hypothesized that the impact of fetal growth restriction on the child's long-term cognitive and motor development varies with gestational age at birth. 9,10 A number of studies reported increased risks for low intellectual performance and poor cognitive development among growth-restricted infants who were delivered at or near term. 6,11,12 Whether fetal growth restriction influences the long-term intellectual performance in preterm infants is still disputed. 13 In the present nationwide Swedish study, we investigated whether the associations between anthropometric measurements at birth and risks for low intellectual performance in early adulthood are modified by gestational age. METHODS Data SourcesThe methods of this nationwide Swedish cohort study are described in detail elsewhere. 8 Briefly, we included information from 4 population-based registries: the Swedish Medical Birth Register, the Swedish Conscript Register, the Multi-Generation Register, and the Population and Housing Census of 1990. Record linkage was possible using the unique National Registration Number that is assigned to each Swedish...

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“…They are also associated with poor neurological and cognitive functioning [5][6][7] and can contribute to poor growth [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse birth outcomes in a malarious area

et al. 2005

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SUMMARYTo determine factors associated with fetal growth, preterm delivery and stillbirth in an area of high malaria transmission in Southern Malawi, a cross-sectional study of pregnant women attending and delivering at two study hospitals was undertaken. A total of 243 (17 . 3 %) babies were preterm and 54 (3 . 7%) stillborn. Intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) occurred in 285 (20 . 3 %), of whom 109 (38 . 2%) were low birthweight and 26 (9 . 1%) preterm. Factors associated with IUGR were maternal short stature [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1 . 6, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1 . 0-2 . 5] ; primigravidae (AOR 1 . 9, 95 % CI 1 . 4-2 . 7) ; placental or peripheral malaria at delivery (AOR 1 . 4, 95 % CI 1 . 0-1 . 9) and maternal anaemia at recruitment (Hb <8 g/dl) (AOR 1 . 9, 95% CI 1 . 3-2 . 7). Increasing parasite density in the placenta was associated with both IUGR (P=0 . 008) and prematurity (P=0 . 02). Factors associated with disproportionate fetal growth were maternal malnutrition [mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) <23 cm, AOR 1 . 9, 95% CI 1 . 0-3 . 7] and primigravidae (AOR 1 . 8, 95% CI 1 . 0-3 . 1). Preterm delivery and stillbirth were associated with <5 antenatal care visits (AOR 2 . 2, 95% CI 1 . 3-3 . 7 and AOR 3 . 1, 95 % CI 1 . 4-7 . 0 respectively) and stillbirth with a positive Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test (AOR 4 . 7, 95 % CI 1 . 5-14 . 8). Interventions to reduce poor pregnancy outcomes must reduce the burden of malaria in pregnancy, improve antenatal care and maternal malnutrition.

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Academic Achievement of Small-for-Gestational-Age Children at Age 10 Years

Abstract: Being SGA at birth has a clinically significant impact on the academic achievement of a 10-year-old child.

Cited by 95 publications

References 39 publications

The long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants born full-term with low birth weight

The long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants born full-term with low birth weight

Risks for Low Intellectual Performance Related to Being Born Small for Gestational Age Are Modified by Gestational Age

Adverse birth outcomes in a malarious area

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