Academy for eating disorders position paper: Eating disorders are serious mental illnesses

Klump, Kelly L.; Bulik, Cynthia M.; Kaye, Walter H.; Treasure, Janet; Tyson, Edward

doi:10.1002/eat.20589

Cited by 409 publications

(283 citation statements)

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“…[72][73][74][75][76][77] Universal prevention programmes are a useful element of the prevention portfolio as they allow us to tackle elements of the social environment that are known to be risk factors for EDs, such as perceived pressure from peers towards thinness. 78,79 Universal interventions also do not face some of the difficulties of selective programmes, namely the stigma associated with participating and the low uptake of those identified as being at risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of anorexia nervosa: a multimethod investigation translating experimental neuroscience into clinical practice

Schmidt

Sharpe

Bartholdy

et al. 2017

Programme Grants Appl Res

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BackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric condition and evidence on how to best treat it is limited.ObjectivesThis programme consists of seven integrated work packages (WPs) and aims to develop and test disseminable and cost-effective treatments to optimise management for people with AN across all stages of illness.MethodsWP1a used surveys, focus groups and a pre–post trial to develop and evaluate a training programme for school staff on eating disorders (EDs). WP1b used a randomised controlled trial (RCT) [International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) 42594993] to evaluate a prevention programme for EDs in schools. WP2a evaluated an inpatient treatment for AN using case reports, interviews and a quasi-experimental trial. WP2b used a RCT (ISRCTN67720902) to evaluate two outpatient psychological therapies for AN. WP3 used a RCT (ISRCTN06149665) to evaluate an intervention for carers of inpatients with AN. WP4 used actimetry, self-report and endocrine assessment to examine physical activity (PA) in AN. WP5 conducted a RCT (ISRCTN18274621) of an e-mail-guided relapse prevention programme for inpatients with AN. WP6 analysed cohort data to examine the effects of maternal EDs on fertility and their children’s diet and growth. WP7a examined clinical case notes to explore how access to specialist ED services affects care pathways and user experiences. Finally, WP7b used data from this programme and the British Cohort Study (1970) to identify the costs of services used by people with AN and to estimate annual costs of AN for England.ResultsWP1a: a brief training programme improved knowledge, attitudes and confidence of school staff in managing EDs in school. WP1b: a teacher-delivered intervention was feasible and improved risk factors for EDs in adolescent girls. WP2a: both psychological therapies improved outcomes in outpatients with AN similarly, but patients preferred one of the treatments. WP2b: the inpatient treatment (Cognitive Remediation and Emotional Skills Training) was acceptable with perceived benefits by patients, but showed no benefits compared with treatment as usual (TAU). WP3: compared with TAU, the carer intervention improved a range of patient and carer outcomes, including carer burden and patient ED symptomatology. WP4: drive to exercise is tied to ED pathology and a desire to improve mood in AN patients. PA was not increased in these patients. WP5: compared with TAU, the e-mail-guided relapse prevention programme resulted in higher body mass index and lower distress in patients at 12 months after discharge. WP6: women with an ED had impaired fertility and their children had altered dietary and growth patterns compared with the children of women without an ED. WP7a: direct access to specialist ED services was associated with higher referral rates, lower admission rates, greater consistency of care and user satisfaction. WP7b: the annual costs of AN in England are estimated at between £45M and £230M for 2011.ConclusionsThis programme has produced evidence to inform future intervention development and has developed interventions that can be disseminated to improve outcomes for individuals with AN. Directions for future research include RCTs with longer-term outcomes and sufficient power to examine mediators and moderators of change.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN42594993, ISRCTN67720902, ISRCTN06149665 and ISRCTN18274621.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Programme Grants for Applied Research programme and will be published in full inProgramme Grants for Applied Research; Vol. 5, No. 16. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of anorexia nervosa: a multimethod investigation translating experimental neuroscience into clinical practice

Schmidt

Sharpe

Bartholdy

et al. 2017

Programme Grants Appl Res

Self Cite

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“…Eating disorders (EDs) including anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are serious mental health difficulties [1] associated with severe physical complications and functional impairment [2]. Although EDs have a complex and multifaceted etiology [3], they appear to have a strong genetic component [4][5][6], although this is not widely known by the public, who instead tend to endorse the socio-cultural environment, in particular, the media, as the key etiological agent [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To what Extent do the Public Need Educating about Eating Disorders?

Harrison¹,

Bertr²

2016

J Obes Eat Disord

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Background: Previous studies highlight poor education around eating disorders (EDs) amongst the public, alongside negative attitudes towards those affected by EDs, which may reduce opportunities for help-seeking. Little is known about whether improved education regarding EDs gained through experience might impact negative attitudes and to attract government funding for public education campaigns, greater knowledge around levels of education is required. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted to investigate ED education in 10 adult women with experience of an ED attained through a close loved one's illness and 10 women without experience. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results: Four themes endorsed by both groups emerged from the data: 1) general education (of individuals, society, health professionals); 2) education regarding the specific nature of the illness (role of food, addiction, severity, impact); 3) knowledge regarding aetiology (biological and social factors, self-esteem and the media); 4) hope and the future (sympathy, empathy and positive outcomes). Experienced participants reported higher education than inexperienced participants although knowledge gaps were observed across all participants and while strong negative views were not expressed, the experienced group offered greater empathy. Conclusion: The general public are relatively poorly educated about EDs and public education programmes are warranted, targeting the above themes, which appeared to be salient to lay individuals.

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“…1 Mortality rates among women suffering from EDs in general and from anorexia nervosa (AN) in particular are higher than for any other psychological disorder. For example, the suicide rate for women with AN is 12 times higher than the rate for women of the same age not suffering from AN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality prototype as a risk factor for eating disorders

Sanchez-Guarnido

Pino-Osuna

Herruzo-Cabrera

2015

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objective: To establish whether the risk of suffering from an eating disorder (ED) is associated with the high-functioning, undercontrolled, or overcontrolled personality prototype groups. Method: The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and the Eating Disorder Inventory 2 (EDI-2) were administered to 69 patients diagnosed as suffering from EDs (cases) and 89 people free of any ED symptoms (control group). A cluster analysis was carried out to divide the participants into three groups based on their scores in the Big Five personality dimensions. A logistic regression model was then created. Results: Participants in the undercontrolled group had a risk of suffering from an ED 6.517 times higher than those in the high-functioning group (p = 0.019; odds ratio [OR] = 6.517), while those in the overcontrolled subgroup had a risk of ED 15.972 times higher than those in the high-functioning group. Conclusions: Two personality subtypes were identified in which the risk of EDs was six times higher (the undercontrolled group) and almost 16 times higher (the overcontrolled group). Prevention and treatment programs for ED could benefit from focusing on the abovementioned personality profiles.

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Academy for eating disorders position paper: Eating disorders are serious mental illnesses

Cited by 409 publications

References 109 publications

Treatment of anorexia nervosa: a multimethod investigation translating experimental neuroscience into clinical practice

Treatment of anorexia nervosa: a multimethod investigation translating experimental neuroscience into clinical practice

To what Extent do the Public Need Educating about Eating Disorders?

Personality prototype as a risk factor for eating disorders

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