Acanthamoeba keratitis: synergy between amebic and bacterial cocontaminants in contact lens care systems as a prelude to infection

Bottone, Edward J.; Madayag, Robert; Qureshi, M N

doi:10.1128/jcm.30.9.2447-2450.1992

Cited by 71 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Several Gram negative bacterial species such as E. coli, Xanthomonas maltophilia, Flavobacter breve and Pseudomonas paucimobilis have been shown to support the growth of Acanthamoeba, while Ps. aeruginosa has been shown to inhibit Acanthamoeba growth (Bottone et al 1992). In our study, we observed a dual pattern.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Aeromonas–Acanthamoeba interaction and early shift to a viable but nonculturable state of Aeromonas by Acanthamoeba

et al. 2008

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Aims: To investigate the hypothesis that amoeba may comprise a significant environmental reservoir for Aeromonas, Acanthamoeba-Aeromonas interaction experiments were performed. Methods and Results: Acanthamoeba were grown in monoculture and co-cultures with three different species of Aeromonas. Survival, invasion and viable but nonculturable state experiments were performed. We showed that at a low initial bacterial cell density, growth of Aeromonas spp. was inhibited by Acanthamoeba castellanii, while A. castellanii growth was unaffected. In contrast, a high initial bacterial cell density, Aeromonas hydrophila AEW44 and Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria AEW104 suppressed the growth of A. castellanii. Fluorescent and phase-contrast microscopic observations of GFP tagged Aer. hydrophila AEW44 demonstrated that the bacterial cells aggregated on A. castellanii cells after 15 min of incubation and internalized. Aeromonas hydrophila AEW44 cells were found to be actively moving. Interestingly, Aer. hydrophila AEW44 cells shifted more rapidly to a viable but nonculturable form when co-cultured with A. castellanii than in monoculture. Conclusions: We demonstrated that Aeromonas spp. are able to interact with and to infect the protozoan A. castellanii under laboratory conditions. Significance and Impact of the Study: Free-living amoeba might play a role as reservoir for Aeromonas, and thus may increase the transmission of Aeromonas by acting as a vehicle.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Aeromonas–Acanthamoeba interaction and early shift to a viable but nonculturable state of Aeromonas by Acanthamoeba

et al. 2008

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“…First, the concept of frequent replacement and disposable soft lenses has greatly reduced the incidence of complications associated with lens spoilage and contamination 30,31 . Second, there is a belief that effective bacterial disinfection by a given contact lens storage solution removes a significant potential ‘food’ for Acanthamoeba and, therefore, provides indirect protection 32 . Third, while the contact lens case biofilm can provide Acanthamoeba with significant bacterial protection against disinfection, 15 frequent replacement of the contact lens case is now more common in clinical practice and there has been the development of contact lens cases incorporating antimicrobial agents 33 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acanthamoeba keratitis and contact lens wear

Lindsay

Watters

Johnson

et al. 2007

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Acanthamoeba keratitis is a rare but serious complication of contact lens wear that may cause severe visual loss. The clinical picture is usually characterised by severe pain, sometimes disproportionate to the signs, with an early superficial keratitis that is often misdiagnosed as herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis. Advanced stages of the infection are usually characterised by central corneal epithelial loss and marked stromal opacification with subsequent loss of vision. In this paper, six cases of contact lens-related Acanthamoeba keratitis that occurred in Australia and New Zealand over a three-year period are described. Three of the patients were disposable soft lens wearers, two were hybrid lens wearers and one was a rigid gas permeable lens wearer. For all six cases, the risk factors for Acanthamoeba keratitis were contact lens wear with inappropriate or ineffective lens maintenance and exposure of the contact lenses to tap or other sources of water. All six patients responded well to medical therapy that involved topical use of appropriate therapeutic agents, most commonly polyhexamethylene biguanide and propamidine isethionate, although two of the patients also subsequently underwent deep lamellar keratoplasty due to residual corneal surface irregularity and stromal scarring. Despite the significant advances that have been made in the medical therapy of Acanthamoeba keratitis over the past 10 years, prevention remains the best treatment and patients who wear contact lenses must be thoroughly educated about the proper use and care of the lenses. In particular, exposure of the contact lenses to tap water or other sources of water should be avoided.

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“…In the present study, the presence of potential pathogen sequences indicated occasional distribution and dispersion of pathogens in cloud water ( Table 3). The identified opportunistic pathogens from Empedobacter, e.g., E. brevis, can easily be isolated from clinical resources, which may be associated with eye infections (Bottone et al, 1992). Occurrences of Staphylococcus equorum in cloud water can be expected since Staphylococcus are frequently isolated from airborne samples (Seo et al, 2008).…”

Section: Implications For Human Health and The Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of bacterial community in cloud water at Mt Tai: similarity and disparity under polluted and non-polluted cloud episodes

Wei

Chen

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Bacteria are widely distributed in atmospheric aerosols and are indispensable components of clouds, playing an important role in the atmospheric hydrological cycle. However, limited information is available about the bacterial community structure and function, especially for the increasing air pollution in the North China Plain. Here, we present a comprehensive characterization of bacterial community composition, function, variation, and environmental influence for cloud water collected at Mt Tai from 24 July to 23 August 2014. Using Miseq 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the highly diverse bacterial community in cloud water and the predominant phyla of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, and Firmicutes were investigated. Bacteria that survive at low temperature, radiation, and poor nutrient conditions were found in cloud water, suggesting adaption to an extreme environment. The bacterial gene functions predicted from the 16S rRNA gene using the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) suggested that the pathways related to metabolism and disease infections were significantly correlated with the predominant genera. The abundant genera Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas, and Empedobacter originated from a wide range of habitats including cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei active species, opportunistic pathogens, and functional species, demonstrating the importance of ecology and health in cloud water. Cluster analysis including hierarchical cluster (Hcluster) and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) indicated a significant disparity between polluted and non-polluted samples. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) demonstrated that potential pathogens were enriched in the polluted cloud samples, whereas the diverse ecological function groups were significant in the non-polluted samples. Discrepant community structure determined by redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the major ions in cloud water and PM2. 5 in the atmosphere have a negative impact on bacteria, playing a vital role in shaping microbial community structure. The major ions might provide nutrition to bacteria and directly influence the bacterial community, whereas PM2. 5 in air has an indirect impact on bacterial community structure. During wet deposition, soluble particulate matter was dissolved in water droplets resulting in elevated concentration in cloud water. PM2. 5 was possibly associated with different origins and pathways of air mass as determined using source tracking by the backward trajectory, mainly related to long-range transport. This work enhanced our understanding of the characteristics of bacterial ecology in the atmospheric aqueous phase, highlighting the potential influence of environmental variables on the bacterial community in cloud processes. It may provide fundamental information of the bacterial community response in cloud water under increasing pollution. However, due to the limited sample size (13 samples) collected at the summit of Mt Tai, these issues need in-depth discussion. Further studies based on an annual series of field observation experiments and laboratory simulations will continue to track these issues.

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Acanthamoeba keratitis: synergy between amebic and bacterial cocontaminants in contact lens care systems as a prelude to infection

Cited by 71 publications

References 13 publications

Aeromonas–Acanthamoeba interaction and early shift to a viable but nonculturable state of Aeromonas by Acanthamoeba

Aeromonas–Acanthamoeba interaction and early shift to a viable but nonculturable state of Aeromonas by Acanthamoeba

Acanthamoeba keratitis and contact lens wear

Characteristics of bacterial community in cloud water at Mt Tai: similarity and disparity under polluted and non-polluted cloud episodes

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