Accelerated differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons on ginseng-reduced graphene oxide sheets

Graphene‐Based Materials in Regenerative Medicine

“…Recently, Akhavan et al explored the differentiation of hNSCs on GO, hydrazine-rGO and ginseng-rGO fi lms, showing more hNSCs differentiated into neurons on the hydrazine-rGO and especially the ginseng-rGO fi lms than on the GO fi lms. [ 84 ] The accelerated differentiation on the rGO fi lms was attributed to their higher capability for electron transfer. Meanwhile, the better differentiation on the ginseng-rGO fi lms was assigned to more hydrophilicity, higher biocompatibility, and the π-π attachment of ginsenoside molecules on the surface of the reduced sheets.…”

Rolled graphene oxide foams as three-dimensional scaffolds for growth of neural fibers using electrical stimulation of stem cells

“…Hence, graphene has promisingly been used in a broad range of nanotechnology-based bio-applications including DNA/RNA extractions [6,7], extremely sensitive biosensing [8], disease diagnosis [9,10], drug delivery [11,12], anti-bacterial [13][14][15], parasitical [16] and viral [17] intentions, effective cancer cell targeting, imaging and therapy [18][19][20][21][22][23], and altering the genetic characteristics of spermatozoa [24] and stem cells [25]. Recently, graphene layers have successfully been utilized in upcoming stem cell-based tissue engineering as 2D-scaffolds [26][27][28].…”

The Preparation of Graphene Oxide and Its Derivatives and Their Application in Bio-Tribological Systems

“…Another commonly used method is thermal reduction by heating GO to above 1000 °C [22,52,53]. Besides, some other novel reduction methods, such as the photo-catalytic method [54][55][56], biomolecule-assisted methods [57,58], plant extract method [59], supercritical fluid method [60] and electrochemical method [61], were proposed for the reduction of GO. [34,62], respectively).…”