Accelerated soil formation due to paddy management on marshlands (Zhejiang Province, China)

Kölbl, Angelika; Schád, Péter; Jahn, Reinhold; Amelung, Wulf; Bannert, Andrea; Cao, Zhi; Fiedler, Sabine; Kalbitz, Karsten; Lehndorff, Eva; Müller-Niggemann, Cornelia; Schloter, Michael; Schwark, Lorenz; Vogelsang, Vanessa; Wissing, Livia; Kögel‐Knabner, Ingrid

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.09.005

Cited by 88 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Overall, paddy cultivation decreases the total amounts of Fe oxides in the topsoil due to reductive Fe dissolution and leaching (Kyuma, 2004;Yu, 1985), whereby the remaining part shows an increased proportion of short rangeordered Fe oxides (Moormann and van Breemen, 1978;Wang et al, 1993). Paddy subsoils are characterized by Fe oxide accumulation (Kölbl et al, 2014;Okazaki et al, 1981;Tan, 1968). However, according to Kyuma and Kawaguchi (1966) subsoil accumulation is missing in ground water-affected paddy soils.…”

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confidence: 99%

Response of Vertisols, Andosols, and Alisols to paddy management

et al. 2016

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confidence: 99%

Response of Vertisols, Andosols, and Alisols to paddy management

et al. 2016

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“…Although the soil properties mentioned above have been described in paddy and non‐paddy chronosequences near our sites (Wissing et al , ; Zou et al , ; Kölbl et al , ), we provide new data that are somewhat different, probably because of the different sampling time and methods of measurement.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Magnetic depletion and enhancement in the evolution of paddy and non‐paddy soil chronosequences

Chen

Zhang

Rossiter

et al. 2015

European J Soil Science

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Summary The objective of this study was to understand the rates and controlling factors of magnetic depletion and enhancement during anthropogenic soil evolution. To this end, the study compared the dynamic changes in magnetic properties as well as iron oxide species of paddy and non‐paddy soil chronosequences with the same parent materials. A two‐way analysis of variance (anova) showed that paddy management resulted in significant (P < 0.01) decreases in magnetic susceptibility (χ) and other magnetic properties. Paddy management‐induced χ losses increased gradually from 24 to 55% as the cultivation history increased from 50 to 700 years. The rates of χ decrease were most rapid within the first 50 years of paddy cultivation, after which the rate slowed. The rapid decline in χ is probably caused by accelerated depletion of fine‐grained maghemite and ultrafine magnetite by iron‐reducing bacteria during soil waterlogging and consequent reducing conditions. By contrast, a significant decrease in hard isothermal remanent magnetization (HIRM) occurred only after 700 years of paddy cultivation, which matches the time taken to leach CaCO3 from the profile. In contrast, although magnetic enhancement was observed in the non‐paddy surface horizon, there was no increasing trend at the millennium time‐scale, probably because of the large CaCO3 content of the soil. We show that magnetic properties of paddy and non‐paddy soil derived from calcareous sediments are mainly controlled by the changing soil moisture regime and soil carbonate status along different paths of soil development. Our study suggests that differences in soil moisture regime caused by land use are substantially more important than the period of cultivation.

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“…This BC was dominated by less condensed moieties, that is, by high proportions of B4CAs (Fig. ) as typical for low temperature fires, which may have occurred in the Yangtze River catchment area prior to erosion and sediment re‐ transport to the Bay of Hangzhou (Kölbl et al ., ). The BPCA pattern of the marine substrate (TW and SM subsoil) was different to that in the topsoils after steady‐state was reached (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Soil samples were taken from a land reclamation area in the Bay of Hangzhou near the city of Cixi, Zhejiang Province, the substrate being Yangtze River sediment (e.g., Cheng et al ., ; and map in Kalbitz et al ., ). The river transported terrestrial material into the sea to be subsequently re‐accumulated in the Yangtze Delta as marine sediment (Kölbl et al ., ). We sampled this sediment both in a tidal wetland (TW, 0–20 cm) as well as from the subsoil of an initial salt marsh (SM, 13–30 cm) as representatives for the substrate of soil formation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black carbon accrual during 2000 years of paddy-rice and non-paddy cropping in the Yangtze River Delta, China

et al. 2014

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Rice straw burning has accompanied paddy management for millennia, introducing black carbon (BC) into soil as the residue of incomplete combustion. This study examined the contribution of BC to soil organic matter and the rate at which it accumulates in paddy soils as a result of prolonged paddy management. Soil depth profiles were sampled along a chronosequence of 0-2000 years of rice-wheat rotation systems and adjacent non-paddy systems (50-700 years) in the Bay of Hangzhou (Zhejiang province, China). The soil BC content and its degree of condensation were assessed using benzene-polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs) as geochemical markers. The results showed that despite regular long term BC input, BC only contributed 7-11% of total soil organic carbon (SOC) in the topsoil horizons. Nevertheless, along with SOC, paddy soils accumulated BC with increasing duration of management until 297 years to reach a steady-state of 13 t BC ha(-1). This was 1.8 times more than in non-paddy soils. The fate of BC in paddy soils (0-1 m) could be modeled revealing an average annual input of 44 kg ha(-1) yr(-1), and a mean residence time of 303 years. The subsoils contributed at least 50% to overall BC stocks, which likely derived from periods prior to land embankment and episodic burial of ancient topsoil, as also indicated by BPCA pattern changes. We conclude that there is a significant but limited accumulation of C in charred forms upon prolonged paddy management. The final contribution of BC to total SOC in paddy soils was similar to that in other aerobic ecosystems of the world.

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Accelerated soil formation due to paddy management on marshlands (Zhejiang Province, China)

Cited by 88 publications

References 44 publications

Response of Vertisols, Andosols, and Alisols to paddy management

Response of Vertisols, Andosols, and Alisols to paddy management

Magnetic depletion and enhancement in the evolution of paddy and non‐paddy soil chronosequences

Black carbon accrual during 2000 years of paddy-rice and non-paddy cropping in the Yangtze River Delta, China

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