Accommodative insufficiency in a student population in Iran

Hashemi, Hassan; Khabazkhoob, Mehdi; Nabovati, Payam; Shahraki, Fatemeh Azad; Ostadimoghaddam, Hadi; Faghihi, Mohammad Ali; Aghamirsalim, Mohamadreza; Doostdar, Asgar; Yekta, Abbasali

doi:10.1016/j.optom.2018.03.006

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Among college students, the prevalence of AI was reported to be 4.07% and 4.5% in Iran and South Africa, respectively. 18 , 19 A school children-based study in southern India reported a low prevalence of 0.2% 8 and this study questioned the validity of accommodation amplitude norms adopted for difference ethnicities. A study in 2019 estimated the prevalence to be in the magnitude of 6.8% among school children in Portugal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“… 22 Similarly, children with Down syndrome are found to have poorer accommodative amplitudes for their age, resulting in a high prevalence of AI ranging between 55% and 76%. 18 , 23 - 27 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies have shown reduced accommodative facility with difficulty in clearing minus lenses in AI. 2 , 8 , 18 – 20…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<p>Accommodative Insufficiency: Prevalence, Impact and Treatment Options</p>

Hussaindeen¹,

Murali²

2020

OPTO

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Purpose Accommodative insufficiency (AI), defined as the inability to stimulate accommodation in pre-presbyopic individuals, has gained much attention over recent years. Despite the enormity of the available information, there is a significant lack of clarity regarding the criteria for definition, methodology adopted for testing and diagnosis, and the varied prevalence across the globe. This review aims to gather evidence that is pertinent to the prevalence, impact and efficacy of available treatment options for AI. Methods PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Collaboration search engines were used with the keywords prevalence, accommodative insufficiency, symptoms, plus lens, vision therapy and treatment. Peer-reviewed articles published between 1992 and 2019 were included in the review. After reviewing the studies for study methodology and robustness, 83 articles were chosen for this literature review. Results The prevalence of AI ranges between <1.00% and 61.6% across studies. The prevalence shows considerable variation across ethnicities and age groups. There is significant variation in the study methodology, diagnostic criteria and number of tests performed to arrive at the diagnosis. Not many studies have explored the prevalence beyond 20 years of age. The prevalence of AI is high among children with special needs. There is no high-quality evidence regarding the standard treatment protocol for AI. Both vision therapy and low plus lenses have shown efficacy in independent studies, and no studies have compared these two treatment options. Conclusion The understanding of AI prevalence is currently limited owing to the lack of a standard set of diagnostic criteria and wide variations in the study methodology. There is a lack of high-quality evidence suggesting the best possible treatment for AI. The current gaps in the literature have been identified and future scope for exploration is elucidated.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“… 22 Similarly, children with Down syndrome are found to have poorer accommodative amplitudes for their age, resulting in a high prevalence of AI ranging between 55% and 76%. 18 , 23 - 27 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<p>Accommodative Insufficiency: Prevalence, Impact and Treatment Options</p>

Hussaindeen¹,

Murali²

2020

OPTO

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“…It was repeated thrice and the average measurement was noted. The accommodative amplitude in centimeters was then converted to amplitude of accommodation in diopters by dividing it by 100 [ 32 ]. The procedure was done both monocularly and binocularly.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binocular vision findings in normally-sighted school aged children who used digital devices

et al. 2022

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Purpose To determine the binocular vision status in normally-sighted school aged children who used digital devices. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at B.P. Koirala Lions Center for Ophthalmic Studies, Kathmandu, Nepal for a duration of one year. One hundred and eighty school aged children (71 female and 109 male) aged 7 to 17 years were included in the study. All the children underwent detailed ophthalmic and binocular vision examinations. The duration of the use of digital devices by the children were asked to either the parents or guardians present at the time of the study. The study participants were divided into two groups: children who used digital devices for the last six months (users group) and those who hadn’t used digital devices for the last six months (non users group). The users group was again divided into two subgroups: children who used digital devices for less than 3 hours per day and a day per week (low digital device users subgroup) and children who used digital devices for more than 3 hours per day and all days in a week (high digital device users subgroup). Results Accommodative amplitudes, accommodative facility, and positive fusional vergence for both near and distance were significantly reduced in the high digital device users group than in the low digital device users subgroup (p <0.01). Stereo acuity, near point of convergence, and negative fusional vergences for both near and distance were not statistically significantly different between the two subgroups. Prevalence of accommodative and vergence anomalies (except convergence insufficiency) was more in the high digital device users subgroup than in the low digital device users subgroup (p<0.01). Conclusions Children who used digital devices for a significantly greater amount of time had significantly reduced amplitudes of accommodation, accommodative facility, and positive fusional vergence both at near and distance.

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“…21 years old, i.e., the critical period (8). Students form a remarkable proportion of the young population (about 4 million) (9). There are inconsistent statistical reports on the prevalence of addiction among students; however, its prevalence rate is estimated to be 2% -10% on average, including 2.6% of students from Science Ministry Universities and 1.6% of students from Medical universities (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Addiction Susceptibility Based on Big Five Personality Traits

Zeighami

Hosseini

Mohammadi

et al. 2021

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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Background: Addiction is one of the most prominent problems and the fourth leading crisis worldwide. In Iran, this issue is more complicated because of increasing young population in this country. Objectives: This study aimed to predict addiction susceptibility regarding students’ personality traits at Qazvin universities. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 227 students from Qazvin universities were selected using the multistage random stratified sampling method. Data collection tools were demographic information form, Addiction Susceptibility questionnaire (ASQ), and NEO personality inventory. After collecting the required data, SPSS software version 21 was used to analyze the data by running variance analysis and paired sample t-test. Results: In this study, neuroticism (P = 0.031) and openness (P = 0.043) with regression coefficients of 0.584 and 0.586 had positive and significant effects on addiction susceptibility, respectively. In contrast, extraversion (P = 0.023), agreeableness (P = 0.038), and consciousness (P < 0.001) with regression coefficients of -0.639, -0.186, and -1.342 had negative and significant effects on addiction susceptibility, respectively. Conclusions: The findings revealed a significant relationship between personality traits and addiction susceptibility. Accordingly, the aforementioned psychological traits must be empathized in educational, preventive, and therapeutic programs so that the vulnerable groups, including students, would receive some help.

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Accommodative insufficiency in a student population in Iran

Abstract: The prevalence of AI in the present study is lower than the most prevalence rates reported in previous studies. In the present study, gender and AI showed a strong association, such that AI prevalence was significantly higher in females than males.

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

<p>Accommodative Insufficiency: Prevalence, Impact and Treatment Options</p>

<p>Accommodative Insufficiency: Prevalence, Impact and Treatment Options</p>

Binocular vision findings in normally-sighted school aged children who used digital devices

Predicting Addiction Susceptibility Based on Big Five Personality Traits

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