Accumulation of macronutrients in beetroot plant

Abstract

Nutrient need in each development stage of plant is showed by nutrient accumulation curve; this is an important tool for fertilization recommendation. However, researches on vegetables with the objective to estimate these curves are scarce, mainly in the modern hybrids that show higher productivity potential and, probably, higher nutrient demand. In this study, the authors aimed to determine macronutrient accumulation of beetroot plants, hybrid Boro. The experiment was carried out in São Manuel, São Paulo State, Brazil. Five treatments [seasons of plant collection: 0, 14, 28, 43 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT)], considering that in each season 16 plants were collected (four replications of four plants each, in a randomized block design). We evaluated dry matter accumulation, and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulphur (S) in plant shoot and root. The period of the highest demand for most of macronutrients was from 29 to 43 DAT. The decreasing order of macronutrients exported by the roots of the beetroot was K>N>P>Mg>S>Ca (376, 232, 45, 29, 21 and 13 mg/plant, respectively), and accumulated by the whole plant (shoot + root) was K>N>Mg>Ca>P>S (709, 404, 126, 113, 69 and 50 mg/ plant, respectively).Keywords: Beta vulgaris, fertilization, nutrients absorption, nutritional demand. RESUMO Acúmulo de macronutrientes pela beterrabaA necessidade de nutrientes em cada etapa de desenvolvimento da planta é mostrada pela curva de acúmulo de nutrientes, sendo importante ferramenta para a recomendação de adubação. No entanto, são raras as pesquisas com hortaliças com o objetivo de se obter estas curvas, principalmente nos modernos híbridos que apresentam maior potencial produtivo e, provavelmente, maior necessidade de nutrientes. Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar o acúmulo de macronutrientes pela planta de beterraba, híbrido Boro. O experimento foi conduzido em São Manuel-SP. Foram cinco tratamentos [épocas de coleta das plantas: 0, 14, 28, 43 e 60 dias após o transplante (DAT)], sendo em cada época coletadas 16 plantas (quatro repetições de quatro plantas cada, no delineamento em blocos ao acaso). Foram avaliados o acúmulo da massa seca e de nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg) e enxofre (S) na parte aérea e nas raízes das plantas. O período de maior demanda para a maioria dos macronutrientes foi dos 29 aos 43 DAT. A ordem decrescente dos macronutrientes exportados pelas raízes de beterraba foi K>N>P>Mg>S>Ca, com 376, 232, 45, 29, 21 e 13 mg/planta, respectivamente, e acumulados pela planta (parte aérea + raiz) foi K>N>Mg>Ca>P>S, com 709, 404, 126, 113, 69 e 50 mg/ planta, respectivamente. Palavras-chave:Beta vulgaris, adubação, marcha de absorção de nutrientes, demanda nutricional.

Response of Beet to Doses of Potassium in Oxisol With High Content of the Nutrient1

“…The observed results determined the order of accumulation by beet, with K > N > P > B, in agreement with the findings other authors (SEDIYAMA et al, 2011;CARDOSO et al, 2017;SILVA;SILVA;KLAR, 2017). Of the total accumulated nutrients, the tuberous root participated with 66% of N, 53% of P, 39% of K and 72% of B.…”

“…Probably, the beet's lack of response to increased K doses may be associated with its high content in the soil. This was sufficient to meet the needs of the crop even without supplying K. The lack of response to the application of K in soils with high K content was also found for cabbage (CORREA;CARDOSO;CLAUDIO, 2013) and lettuce (CECÍLIO FILHO et al, 2015). The lack of relationship between the increase in K leaf content and yield characterises the consumption of the nutrient by beet above its necessity, since the K leaf content was above the range considered appropriate (20-40 g kg -1 ) by Trani et al (2018).…”

“…The means of N and B accumulated in the tuberous root were 232.54 and 0.39 mg per plant, respectively (Table 3). In an experiment with the hybrid beet 'Boro', Cardoso et al (2017) observed, at harvest, N total accumulation of 177.3 mg in the shoot and 481.8 mg in the tuberous root. P was accumulated in a smaller amount among macronutrients, in agreement with that observed by Silva, Silva and Klar (2017).…”

“…Among nutrients, due to the functions described by Hawkesford et al (2012), potassium (K) is an important element to increase the crop yield. In beet plants, it is the nutrient demanded in greater quantity (CARDOSO et al, 2017;SILVA;SILVA;KLAR, 2017).…”

Response of Beet to Phosphorus Rates in Oxisol With High Content of the Nutrient

“…-------------------------------g kg -1 ---------------------------- The foliar potassium contents observed ranged from 57.1 to 67.0 g kg -1 and were higher than those considered adequate by Trani et al (2018), that is 20 to 40 g kg -1 . However, the vast majority of studies in our literature report K contents for beet above the range considered to be adequate (CARDOSO et al, 2017;PASSOS et al, 2020).…”