Accumulation of yellow Monascus pigments by extractive fermentation in nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution

Abstract

Monascus species can produce various secondary metabolites of polyketide structure. In the current study, it is found that an interesting phenomenon, i.e., submerged culture of Monascus species in an aqueous solution majorly accumulated intracellular orange Monascus pigments exhibiting one peak at 470 nm with absorbance of 32 OD while extractive fermentation in a nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution produced extracellular and intracellular yellow Monascus pigments exhibiting one peak at 410 nm with absorbance 30 OD and 12 OD, respectively. The spectrum profiles of both intracellular and extracellular Monascus pigments were affected by surfactant loading, extractive fermentation time, and surfactant adding time. Meanwhile, the instability of orange Monascus pigments in the extracellular nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution was also confirmed experimentally. The mechanism behind this phenomenon is attributed to the export of intracellular yellow Monascus pigments into its broth by extractive fermentation. The transferring of intracellular yellow Monascus pigments into its broth blocks yellow Monascus pigments from further enzymatic conversion or eliminates the feedback inhibition of yellow Monascus pigments based on the biosynthetic pathway of Monascus pigments.

Preparation and characterization of yellow Monascus pigments

“…In our previous work, extractive fermentation in a nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution had exported intracellular Monascus pigments into its extracellular broth, in which high fraction of yellow Monascus pigments was accumulated in the extracellular broth (nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution) [16]. The production of a large amount of yellow Monascus pigments by extractive fermentation provides a chance for preparation of yellow Monascus pigments.…”

Production and biological activities of yellow pigments from Monascus fungi

“…Micelle aqueous solution, from addition of nonionic surfactant (Triton X-100) into the fermentation broth, facilitates intracellular conversion of MOPs to MYPs. MYPs are simultaneously extracted from the mycelia and effectively secreted into the broth (Kang et al 2013;Xiong et al 2015). These new techniques require more investigation and development before application at commercial scales.…”

“…This result revealed that the MpigE gene plays an irreplaceable role in converting biosynthesized MYPs into MOPs. Lately, conversion between MYPs and MOPs has been reported in an extractive Monascus fermentation using a nonionic surfactant micelle, aqueous solution with Triton X-100 (Xiong et al 2015). According to these reports, Fig.…”

“…For b Fig. 1 The putative pathway for biosynthesis of MYPs (Hajjaj et al 2000;Xiong et al 2015). After (a) and before (b) the synthesis of MOPs instance, hydrophilic MYPs can be prepared by reacting MPs with sodium borohydride (Martin et al 1991).…”

Antibacterial Activity of Red Pigment Isolated From Coastal Endophytic Fungi Against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria

“…Extracellular pigment is extracted from media because it is spread outside the cells (Xiong et al 2015;Akilandeswari & Pradeep 2016). Pigment production depends on several conditions, such as nutrient in media, light intensity, pH, trace elements, temperature and agitation (Mugesh et al 2014;Bühler et al 2015;Patil et al 2015;Shi et al 2015).…”