Accumulation pattern and biotransformation enzyme induction in rainbow trout embryos exposed to sublethal aqueous concentrations of 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl

Koponen, Kari; Lindström-Seppä, Pirjo; Kukkonen, Jussi V. K.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00236-2

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For example, there was no change in GST activity in rainbow trout embryos after three or seven days of exposure to 1, 10, or 100 mg/L of another co-planar PCB, 3, 3′, 4, 4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB-77) (Koponen et al, 2000). PCB-126, at doses of 10 and 100 μg/kg body weight, was also incapable of inducing GST activity in adult male sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) (Vaccaro et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione transferase pi class 2 (GSTp2) protects against the cardiac deformities caused by exposure to PAHs but not PCB-126 in zebrafish embryos

Garner

Giulio

2012

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &

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Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are phase II enzymes that detoxify a wide range of toxicants and reactive intermediates. One such class of toxicants is the ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Certain PAHs are known to cause developmental cardiac toxicity in fish. Herein, we explored the role of GST pi class 2 (GSTp2) in PAH- and PCB-induced cardiac toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. We measured expression of GSTp2 in embryos exposed to individual and co-exposures of the PAHs benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and fluoranthene (FL) as well as 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126). GSTp2 mRNA expression was induced by exposure to BkF, BaP, PCB-126, and BaP + FL and BkF + FL co-exposure. A splice junction morpholino was then used to knockdown GSTp2 in developing zebrafish. GSTp2 knockdown exacerbated the toxicity caused by co-exposures to BkF + FL and BaP + FL. However, GSTp2 knockdown did not affect PCB-126 toxicity. These results further suggest that pi class GSTs serve a protective function against the synergistic toxicity caused by PAHs in developing zebrafish

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione transferase pi class 2 (GSTp2) protects against the cardiac deformities caused by exposure to PAHs but not PCB-126 in zebrafish embryos

Garner

Giulio

2012

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &

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“…Several studies have examined uptake of PCDD/Fs and DL‐PCBs in the field, which reflects dietary and aquatic exposure to mixtures of contaminants (Kuehl et al., , ; Servos et al., ; Frakes et al., ; Hellou et al., ; Wu et al., ; Bhavsar et al., ; Berge et al., ; Ruus et al., ; Zhu et al., ). Other studies have been performed in controlled conditions, following aquatic exposure to PCDD/Fs and/or DL‐PCBs (Sijm et al., ; Loonen et al., ; Koponen et al., , ). However, transfer of PCDD/Fs and DL‐PCBs to fish in field studies and from waterborne exposure are not considered by the CONTAM Panel to be within the scope of the current Opinion.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin‐like PCBs in feed and food

Knutsen¹,

Alexander²,

Barregård³

et al. 2018

EFS2

143

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The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and DL‐PCBs in feed and food. The data from experimental animal and epidemiological studies were reviewed and it was decided to base the human risk assessment on effects observed in humans and to use animal data as supportive evidence. The critical effect was on semen quality, following pre‐ and postnatal exposure. The critical study showed a NOAEL of 7.0 pg WHO2005‐TEQ/g fat in blood sampled at age 9 years based on PCDD/F‐TEQs. No association was observed when including DL‐PCB‐TEQs. Using toxicokinetic modelling and taking into account the exposure from breastfeeding and a twofold higher intake during childhood, it was estimated that daily exposure in adolescents and adults should be below 0.25 pg TEQ/kg bw/day. The CONTAM Panel established a TWI of 2 pg TEQ/kg bw/week. With occurrence and consumption data from European countries, the mean and P95 intake of total TEQ by Adolescents, Adults, Elderly and Very Elderly varied between, respectively, 2.1 to 10.5, and 5.3 to 30.4 pg TEQ/kg bw/week, implying a considerable exceedance of the TWI. Toddlers and Other Children showed a higher exposure than older age groups, but this was accounted for when deriving the TWI. Exposure to PCDD/F‐TEQ only was on average 2.4‐ and 2.7‐fold lower for mean and P95 exposure than for total TEQ. PCDD/Fs and DL‐PCBs are transferred to milk and eggs, and accumulate in fatty tissues and liver. Transfer rates and bioconcentration factors were identified for various species. The CONTAM Panel was not able to identify reference values in most farm and companion animals with the exception of NOAELs for mink, chicken and some fish species. The estimated exposure from feed for these species does not imply a risk.

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“…Inhibition effects of TBT on phase 1 system were described by Oberdörster et al [13], in addition to the clearly increased activity of GST (phase 2). PCB is known to be a potent inducer of enzyme systems such as the microsomal CYP1A monooxygenase system (EROD) and the conjugation enzyme system (cytosolic GST) in animals [5]. However, the possible biotransformation of single or mixed substances could lead to the situation that the cells and the whole organism could be pro-tected from physiological and energetic impairment or even damage and death.…”

Section: Toxicity Tests and Their Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Restrictions on the use of PCB have resulted in considerable reductions in surface water concentrations, but PCB are known to be highly persistent and therefore significant quantities are still detectable in most parts of the environment , e.g. 9.6...567 µg g Ϫ1 (dw) in freshwater sediments [5,6]. PCB has been detected in the USA: in Lake Michigan (1980; 3.2 ng L Ϫ1 ) and in San-Francisco-Bay (1993Ϫ1995; 1.6 µg L Ϫ1 ) [7,8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both TBT and PCB are toxic and a variety of effects on organisms have been reported [3,5]. Bioassays conducted using survival and reproduction as measures of the relative toxicity of different PCB-mixtures (Aroclor 1221, 1232, 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262, 1268) showed Aroclor 1254 to be the most toxic to Daphnia magna under continuous-flow conditions with a 3-wk LC 50 of 1.3 µg L Ϫ1 [9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of a Xenobiotic Mixture (PCB and TBT) Compared to Single Substances on Swimming Behavior or Reproduction ofDaphnia magna

Schmidt

Steinberg

Staaks

2005

Acta hydrochim. hydrobiol.

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Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Aroclor 1254, a technical PCB mixture (polychlorinated biphenyls) and TBT (tributyltinMüggelseedamm 301, chloride) are environmental pollutants that cause a broad spectrum of acute toxic and 12587 Berlin, Germany chronic effects in aquatic animals. In this paper, the sensitivity of Daphnia magna to chronic exposure to mixed xenobiotics was evaluated under laboratory conditions. The results show that xenobiotic mixtures (50 % each of the single compounds) were more toxic than individual xenobiotics alone. By measuring behavioral parameters of animals, it becomes evident that exposure to single xenobiotics significantly affects daphnids: exposure led finally to a rapid decrease in mean swimming activity and also caused changes in preferred swimming depth, with daphnids preferring the upper layers of aquaria. The mixture altered the swimming behavior even more strongly compared to the group stressed by single chemicals. Finally, all daphnids sank to the bottom of the aquaria, still alive, but inactive at the end of the exposure period. In addition, we investigated the reproductive capacity (number of newborn per female and day). PCB did not affect the number of newborn significantly, TBT-stress led to an evidently decreased number of young daphnids and the xenobiotic mixture decreased reproduction even more.In conclusion, we found significant effects of the single compounds as well as approximately additive (swimming behavior) and synergistic (reproduction) effects of the chemical mixture on daphnids indicating the possibility of dramatic ecological consequences of the occurrence of mixed xenobiotic substances in the aquatic environment. Einfluss einer xenobiotischen Mischung (PCB und TBT) auf Schwimmverhalten oder Reproduktion von Daphnia magna

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Accumulation pattern and biotransformation enzyme induction in rainbow trout embryos exposed to sublethal aqueous concentrations of 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Glutathione transferase pi class 2 (GSTp2) protects against the cardiac deformities caused by exposure to PAHs but not PCB-126 in zebrafish embryos

Glutathione transferase pi class 2 (GSTp2) protects against the cardiac deformities caused by exposure to PAHs but not PCB-126 in zebrafish embryos

Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin‐like PCBs in feed and food

Influence of a Xenobiotic Mixture (PCB and TBT) Compared to Single Substances on Swimming Behavior or Reproduction ofDaphnia magna

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