Accurate computations of the laminar flow past a square cylinder based on two different methods: lattice-Boltzmann and finite-volume

Investigation of flow around a pair of side-by-side square cylinders using the lattice Boltzmann method

“…These studies document the dependence of the Strouhal number (St) and drag coefficient (C D ) on the Reynolds number and blockage ratio. The wake of a square cylinder is qualitatively similar to that of a circular cylinder, the Karman street first appearing at Re % 60 [4]. The numerical simulation of Suzuki et al [5] shows a weak dependence of St on the incoming velocity profile.…”

“…Also, LBM has a second-order numerical accuracy [27]. Breuer et al [4] calibrated LBM for the flow around a single square cylinder in a channel against the conventional computational method and found satisfactory agreement between the two techniques.…”

“…For example, Succi [28] discusses several other outflow conditions like periodic, zero-gradient, and porous-plug. Similarly, Breuer et al [4] and Guo et al [30] employed a constant pressure condition and zero-gradient at the outlet, respectively. We have implemented a convective BC in our code, and compared the results against zero-gradient at the outlet.…”

“…The flow around a square cylinder has been studied numerically [3][4][5], and experimentally by Saha et al [6] amongst others. These studies document the dependence of the Strouhal number (St) and drag coefficient (C D ) on the Reynolds number and blockage ratio.…”

Numerical investigation of fluid-solid interaction for flow around three square cylinders

“…Furthermore, the 10-points grid has lack of accuracy and 30-points grid is not suitable in terms of computational time. Breuer et al 31 also mentioned in his work that a high resolution is required only at large Reynolds numbers.…”