ACE Insertion/Deletion Gene Polymorphisms with DM Type II and Metabolic Syndrome among Sample of Jordanians

Abstract

Objective MetS has gained an incredible interest worldwide on account of its increasing predominance with a prevalence rate of 14–32%, its incidence is increased by age for both genders. The present study was aimed to explore the relationship of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion gene polymorphisms and the potential risk of development of diabetes mellitus type II and metabolic syndrome among a sample of Jordanians. Materials and Methods this case-control study included 148 type II diabetics; 127 MetS patients; and 241 normal subjects as a control group. ACE insertion/deletion gene polymorphisms were analyzed using PCR. Lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, and ACE activity was determined chemically. Apolipoprotein-A1 and plasma insulin levels were estimated by ELISA; and glycosylated hemoglobin was estimated by the micro-chromatographic method. Semiquantitative test strips were used for detecting microalbuminuria in urine. Results Regarding the criteria of metabolic syndrome, ID polymorphism was associated significantly with hypertension showing a positive risk ratio, microalbuminuria with positive risk ratios was associated significantly with II polymorphism and I allele, while, a significant negative risk ratios were shown between hypertension, microalbuminuria and DD polymorphism. Conclusion There is evidence that ID, II ACE gene polymorphisms and I allele may play a major role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome along with diabetes mellitus type II in Jordanian population.