ACE2 and pACE2: A Pair of Aces for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Treatment?

Richards, Elaine M.; Raizada, Mohan K.

doi:10.1164/rccm.201803-0569ed

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Besides, more recently, Zhang et al suggested that the angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) may serve as receptor for COVID-19 virus (Zhang et al, 2020). ACE2 is a carboxymonopeptidase that catalyze active angiotensin II to angiotensin (Wan et al, 2020;, representing antagonist of angiotensin and regulating the ACE/Ang II/ Ang II type I receptor signaling (Richards and Raizada, 2018). ACE2 plays protective roles against several pulmonary diseases such as acute lung injury, asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Jia, 2016).…”

Section: Coronavirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19 virus infection

Hassanpour

Rezaie

Nouri

et al. 2020

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

196

203

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Extracellular vesicles releasing from various types of cells contribute to intercellular communication via delivering bio-molecules like nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids to recipient cells. Exosomes are 30-120 nm extracellular vesicles that participate in several pathological conditions. Virus-infected cells release exosomes that are implicated in infection through transferring viral components such as viral-derived miRNAs and proteins. As well, exosomes contain receptors for viruses that make recipient cells susceptible to virus entry. Since December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection has become a worldwide urgent public health concern. There is currently no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment existing for COVID-19 virus infection. Hence, it is critical to find a safe and effective therapeutic tool to patients with severe COVID-19 virus infection. Extracellular vesicles may contribute to spread this virus as they transfer such receptors as CD9 and ACE2, which make recipient cells susceptible to virus docking. Upon entry, COVID-19 virus may be directed into the exosomal pathway, and its component is packaged into exosomes for secretion. Exosome-based strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 virus infection may include following items: inhibition of exosome biogenesis and uptake, exosome-therapy, exosome-based drug delivery system, and exosome-based vaccine. Mesenchymal stem cells can suppress nonproductive inflammation and improve/repair lung cells including endothelial and alveolar cells, which damaged by COVID-19 virus infection. Understanding molecular mechanisms behind extracellular vesicles related COVID-19 virus infection may provide us with an avenue to identify its entry, replication, spreading, and infection to overcome its adverse effects.

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Section: Coronavirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19 virus infection

Hassanpour

Rezaie

Nouri

et al. 2020

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

196

203

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, the expression level of ACE2 in the alveolar cells of Asians was higher than other races, which may lead to high susceptibility to disease and severe outcomes (Sun, Lu, Xu, Sun, & Pan, 2020). The ACE2 is an enzyme that catalyzes vasoactive angiotensin II to vasodilator angiotensin [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] (Richards & Raizada, 2018).…”

Section: Pathog Ene S Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

Curcumin (a constituent of turmeric): New treatment option against COVID‐19

Babaei

Nassiri‐Asl

Hosseinzadeh

2020

Food Science & Nutrition

117

106

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“…A comparison of the genome of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV shows that SARS-CoV-2 has 82% nucleotide identity with SARS-CoV (Chan et al, 2020) and also used ACE2 as its receptor for entry into the cells (Wan et al, 2020). ACE2 is a carboxypeptidase catalyzing vasoactive angiotensin II (Ang II) to angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang 1-7), which acts as an antagonist of angiotensin and balances the ACE/Ang II/Ang II type I receptor (AT 1 R) axis (Richards and Raizada, 2018). Ang II via AT 1 R induces pulmonary vasoconstriction in response to hypoxia and increases vascular permeability, which results in pulmonary edema.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underlying Mechanisms and Candidate Drugs for COVID-19 Based on the Connectivity Map Database

Yang

2020

Front. Genet.

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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide public health crisis. At present, there are no effective antiviral drugs to treat COVID-19. Although some vaccines have been developed, late-stage clinical trials that allow licensure by regulatory agencies are still needed. Previous reports have indicated that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and SARS-CoV are highly homologous and both use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the receptor to enter cells, and SARS-CoV infection reduces the ACE2 expression in the lung. Therefore, the analysis of genes co-expressed with ACE2 in the lung may uncover the underlying mechanism of COVID-19. Finally, we used the Connectivity map (Cmap) database to search for candidate drugs using transcriptome profiles of patients with COVID-19. Method: Based on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), indicated by the expression of RNAs isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells of patients with COVID-19, we performed functional enrichment analysis and hub gene cluster analysis. Furthermore, we identified genes co-expressed with ACE2 in healthy lung samples and analyzed the significant genes. Additionally, to identify several candidate drugs for the treatment of COVID-19, we queried Cmap using DEGs and genes co-expressed with ACE2. Results and Conclusion: The up-regulated genes in the BALF cells of patients with COVID-19 are related to viral mRNA translation. The down-regulated genes are related to immune response functions. Genes positively correlated with ACE2 are related to immune defense and those negatively correlated are enriched in synaptic transmission functions. The results reflected prosperous viral proliferation and immune dysfunction in patients. Furthermore, ACE2 may not only mediate viral entrance, but also play an important role in immune defense. By using Cmap with transcriptome profiles of patients with COVID-19, we identified candidate drugs for the treatment of COVID-19, such as amantadine and acyclovir.

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ACE2 and pACE2: A Pair of Aces for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Treatment?

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

The role of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19 virus infection

The role of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19 virus infection

Curcumin (a constituent of turmeric): New treatment option against COVID‐19

Underlying Mechanisms and Candidate Drugs for COVID-19 Based on the Connectivity Map Database

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