Acemannan increased bone surface, bone volume, and bone density in a calvarial defect model in skeletally-mature rats

Abstract

Background/purpose Acemannan, a β-(1–4)-acetylated polymannose extracted from Aloe vera gel, has been proposed as biomaterial for bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acemannan in calvarial defect healing. Materials and methods Acemannan was processed to freeze-dried sponge form and disinfected by UV irradiation. Thirty-five female Sprague–Dawley rats were used in the in vivo study. Seven-mm diameter mid-calvarial defects were created and randomly allocated into blood clot control (C), acemannan 1 mg (A1), 2 mg (A2), 4 mg (A4), and 8 mg (A8) groups (n = 7). After four weeks, the calvarial specimens were subjected to microcomputed tomography (microCT) and histopathological analysis. Results MicroCT revealed a significant increase in bone surface and bone volume in the A1 and A2 groups, and tissue mineral density in the A4 and A8 groups compared with the control group ( p < 0.05). Histologically, the acemannan-treated groups had denser bone matrix compared with the control group. Conclusion Acemannan is an effective bioactive agent for bone regeneration, enhancing bone growth as assayed in two- and three-dimensions.

Acemannan-induced tooth socket healing: A 12-month randomized controlled trial

“…Godoy et al., revealed that radiation-sterilized acemannan sponges retain their characteristics and bioactivity. 22 …”

Extraction, Purification, Structural Characteristics, Biological Activities and Pharmacological Applications of Acemannan, a Polysaccharide from Aloe vera: A Review

“…Histological observation showed that the bone matrix density of the rats in the polysaccharide treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group. The results demonstrated that acemannan was an effective natural bioactive substance that promotes bone growth, increases bone surface, bone volume and bone density [88].…”

Acemannan induces rapid early osseous defect healing after apical surgery: A 12-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial

“…No fibrous capsule or chronic inflammatory cells were detected in the tooth sockets, furcation defects, or calvarial defects that received acemannan sponges. 18 , 20 , 23 In addition, these other studies showed that acemannan sponges were no longer present in rodent tooth sockets or calvarial defects 1-month post-surgery, and canine furcation defects 2-month post-surgery.…”

“…Acemannan was extracted from A. vera gel as previously described. 18 , 20 Briefly, A. vera pulp gel underwent homogenization, centrifugation, precipitation with alcohol, and lyophilization. The white precipitate was characterized by 13 C NMR, 1 H NMR, and FT-IR, which confirmed that the precipitate was acemannan.…”

“…The regenerative effect of acemannan in hard tissue and soft tissue has been intensively studied. 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 No fibrous capsule or ankylosis was reported when implanting acemannan sponges in calvaria defects, tooth extraction sockets, pulp capping, and class II furcation defects. Therefore, acemannan is a potential biomolecule for periapical defect healing that requires complex periodontal ligament and alveolar bone regeneration in the periodontium.…”