Acetone fractionation: a simple and efficient method to improve the performance of lignin for dye pollutant removal

Li, Hao; Ze, Yuan; Xing, Yuyu; Li, Jiarong; Fang, Jing; Chang, Lifang; Li, Chunli

doi:10.1039/c9ra07017f

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…This explanation is consistent with the observed, strong interactions between the low-and high-MW lignin fractions that may be responsible for lignin association. Li et al observed that lignin fractionated by partial dissolution in acetone significantly increased the adsorption capacity toward a cationic dye, methylene blue [75], thus corroborating our findings.…”

Section: Hydroxyl Group Quantitation Using 31 P Nmr Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 91%

Unfolding of Lignin Structure Using Size-Exclusion Fractionation

LaVallie,

Andrianova,

Schumaker

et al. 2023

Polymers

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The heterogeneous and recalcitrant structure of lignin hinders its practical application. Here, we describe how new approaches to lignin characterization can reveal structural details that could ultimately lead to its more efficient utilization. A suite of methods, which enabled mass balance closure, the evaluation of structural features, and an accurate molecular weight (MW) determination, were employed and revealed unexpected structural features of the five alkali lignin fractions obtained with preparative size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). A thermal carbon analysis (TCA) provided quantitative temperature profiles based on sequential carbon evolution, including the final oxidation of char. The TCA results, supported with thermal desorption/pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TD-Py-GC-MS) and 31P NMR spectroscopy, revealed the unfolding of the lignin structure as a result of the SEC fractionation, due to the disruption of the interactions between the high- and low-MW components. The “unraveled” lignin revealed poorly accessible hydroxyl groups and showed an altered thermal behavior. The fractionated lignin produced significantly less char upon pyrolysis, 2 vs. 47%. It also featured a higher occurrence of low-MW thermal evolution products, particularly guaiacol carbonyls, and more than double the number of OH groups accessible for phosphitylation. These observations indicate pronounced alterations in the lignin intermolecular association following size-exclusion fractionation, which may be used for more efficient lignin processing in biorefineries.

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Section: Hydroxyl Group Quantitation Using 31 P Nmr Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 91%

Unfolding of Lignin Structure Using Size-Exclusion Fractionation

LaVallie,

Andrianova,

Schumaker

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…It is a basic dye, and on dissolution in an aqueous solution, it provides cations (BGD + ). ese adsorbents were also treated with different chemicals separately, such as ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, 0.1 M HCl, and 0.1 M NaOH, and some chelating agents such as urea [30], thiourea [31], EDTA [32], tartaric acid [33,34], citric acid [35][36][37], lactic acid [38], and acetone [39]. Both adsorbents were chemically processed with organic solvents (ethanol, methanol, and isopropanol) for their modifications in glass beakers covered with aluminum sheets for a period of 3 to 4 hours.…”

Section: Selection Of Chemicals For Chemical Processing Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isothermal and Kinetic Investigation of Exploring the Potential of Citric Acid-Treated Trapa natans and Citrullus lanatus Peels for Biosorptive Removal of Brilliant Green Dye from Water

Hussain

Rehman

Imran

2021

Journal of Chemistry

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Trapa natans peels (TNPs) and Citrullus lanatus peels (CLPs) were utilized for the biosorptive removal of brilliant green dye (BGD), after modifying with citric acid. Characterization and surface morphology were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. For the removal of BGD by citric acid-treated Trapa natans peels (CA-TNPs), the optimum conditions were obtained with adsorbent dose 0.8 g, contact time 25 minutes, initial pH 5, temperature 30°C, and agitation speed 100 rpm, while for the citric acid-treated Citrullus lanatus peels (CA-CLPs), adsorbent dose 0.8 g, contact time 20 minutes, pH 5, temperature 30°C, and agitation speed 100 rpm gave optimum results. The qmax values obtained were 108.6, 128, 144.9, and 188.68 mg/g for R-TNP, CA-TNP, R-CLP, and CA-CLP, respectively, while the correlation coefficient (R2) values obtained were 0.985, 0.986, 0.985, and 0.998 for R-TNP, CA-TNP, R-CLP, and CA-CLP, respectively. These favor the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics, with negative (ΔG0) values of all adsorbents, determining that the adsorption phenomenon is exothermic and spontaneous in nature. Both citric acid-treated peels of Trapa natans and Citrullus lanatus were found suitable for bulk-scale eradication of hazardous, toxic, and carcinogenic basic cationic dyes.

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“…Acetone has been investigated as a facile solvent to dissolve lignin. The advantages of using this solvent are low cost, biodegradability, minimization of waste, and good adsorption efficiency (Crestini et al, 2017;Li et al, 2019). For example, Sadeghifar et al (2017) fractionated organosolv lignin with acetone in water to obtain relatively homogeneous lignin fractions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Precipitation pH of Black Liquor on Characteristics of Precipitated and Acetone-Fractionated Kraft Lignin

WATUMLAWAR¹,

Park²

2023

J. Korean Wood Sci. Technol.

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Two important steps in utilizing technical kraft lignin (KL) from black liquor to synthesize lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resin are its extraction via precipitation and fractionation. However, the effects of precipitation pH and acetone fractionation on the characteristics of hardwood KL have not been studied for LPF resins. Therefore, this paper reports the effects of the precipitation pH of black liquor and acetone fractionation on the characteristics of KL from mixed hardwood species for LPF resins. The precipitation was conducted at various pH levels from 3 to 9 of black liquor to obtain crude KL (C-KL), which was used in acetone fractionation to produce acetone-soluble KL (AS-KL) and acetone-insoluble KL (AI-KL). Precipitation at pH 3 and 9 produced the highest and lowest yields of C-KL, respectively. As expected, the C-KL infrared spectra were similar regardless of the precipitation pH levels. As the pH increased, the molecular weight of C-KL increased. However, the molecular weight of AS-KL and AI-KL after acetone fractionation increased to a maximum of 4,170 and 47,190 g/mol at pH 7, then decreased to 3,210 and 19,970 g/mol at pH 9, respectively. The smallest molecular weights of AS-KL and AI-KL were 3,210 and 15,480 g/mol and were found at pH 9 and 3, respectively. These results suggest that both AS-KL at pH 9 and AI-KL at pH 3 have good potential as starting lignins for synthesizing LPF resins that require cross-linking for polymerization.

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Acetone fractionation: a simple and efficient method to improve the performance of lignin for dye pollutant removal

Abstract: In this work, it was found that the adsorption capacity of lignin to cationic dye (methylene blue, MB) from aqueous solution could be significantly improved by simple acetone fractionation.

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

Unfolding of Lignin Structure Using Size-Exclusion Fractionation

Unfolding of Lignin Structure Using Size-Exclusion Fractionation

Isothermal and Kinetic Investigation of Exploring the Potential of Citric Acid-Treated Trapa natans and Citrullus lanatus Peels for Biosorptive Removal of Brilliant Green Dye from Water

Effects of Precipitation pH of Black Liquor on Characteristics of Precipitated and Acetone-Fractionated Kraft Lignin

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