Achieving accelerated osteogenic differentiation via novel magnesium silicate hollow spheres

Abstract

Nanomaterials have been widely used as multifunctional scaffolds and carriers in bone tissue engineering resulting from their versatile functionalities. Here, a classical Stöber method that combined the merits of an organic reagent-free hydrothermal route was introduced to rationally design and synthesize novel magnesium silicate hollow spheres (denoted as MgSiO 3 hollow spheres). Due to the presence of mineral elements including silicon and magnesium, these well-prepared hollow structures exhibited positive effects in accelerated osteogenic differentiation. By using an osteoblastic cell line as example, namely MC3T3-E1, we investigated the in vitro toxicity of these hollow spheres via various classical methods including MTT assay, LDH assay, apoptosis, and morphology observation. Results indicated that these materials revealed extremely low systemic toxicity and high bio-compatibility. Moreover, cellular internalization observation demonstrated that these hollow spheres could be taken up by MC3T3-E1 cells in a time-dependent manner. This vigorous process of endocytosis could provide more raw materials for the following intracellular mineralization and bone regeneration. Results of ALP analysis and alizarin red staining indicated that these hollow spheres could clearly promote osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in a dose-dependent manner. Our study suggested that these magnesium silicate hollow spheres could act as promising candidates for enhanced bone regeneration and bone tissue engineering.

MicroRNA146a-loaded Magnesium Silicate Nanospheres promote bone regeneration with inflammatory microenvironment

“…The biocompatibility and endocytosis ability of pure MSN have been con rmed in our previous studies 16, 17 . In order to enhance the ability of MSN to load the nucleic acid drug -miR146a, we selected polyethyleneimine (PEI) which held a high density of positively charged amino groups along the backbone of molecular chains 28 but could be cytotoxic at high-dose 29 .…”

“…Magnesium silicate nanospheres (MSN) were synthesized via a two-step route in accordance with our previous studies 17 . Monodispersed silica colloidal nanospheres (nano-SiO 2 ) with an average diameter of 200 nm were prepared with the modi ed Sto ber method.…”

“…Nucleic acid drugs require a high-e ciency delivery vector in local medication therapy, such as liposome, cationic polymer and inorganic particle 14,15 . By modifying classical monodispersed silica colloidal particles, our team fabricated magnesium silicate nanospheres (MSN) with a rough surface and hollow mesoporous structure in our previous studies 16,17 . MSN was found to accelerate in vitro osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells with good biocompatibility as well as high cellular uptake e ciency and great drug-loading capacity 17 .…”

“…By modifying classical monodispersed silica colloidal particles, our team fabricated magnesium silicate nanospheres (MSN) with a rough surface and hollow mesoporous structure in our previous studies 16,17 . MSN was found to accelerate in vitro osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells with good biocompatibility as well as high cellular uptake e ciency and great drug-loading capacity 17 . The osteogenic promoting effect of MSN may be attributed to magnesium ions via activating Wnt/β-actin pathway and upregulating the expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) 18 .…”

Study of interactions between magnesium silicate particle and diamond-like carbon using atomic force microscopy

“…The particles' adhesion on the substrate surface is among major concerns in many electronics industries such as mechanical parts, semiconductors, coating processes, and data storage industries [1]. The interference of contaminating particles that attach any electronic component within a product can significantly disrupt the entire system's function, leading to defective items and manufacturer's loss [2,3].…”