Achieving Optimal Health With Host‐Directed Therapies (HDTs) in Infectious Diseases—A New Horizon

Abstract

Host‐directed therapies (HDTs) have emerged as a promising strategy to combat viral infections by modifying host factors and immune responses to restrict viral replication and improve patient outcomes. This review summarizes the latest advances and future potential of HDTs in antiviral therapy. With developments in genomics and proteomics, new host targets essential for viral replication have been identified. Gene‐editing tools, such as CRISPR‐Cas9, enable precise manipulation of host genes linked to viral processes, paving the way for innovative HDTs. Emerging approaches, including RNA interference and viral interference, further demonstrate the potential to specifically modify host factors to inhibit viral replication. Additionally, probiotics are being explored for their capacity to enhance immune responses and modulate gut microbiota, offering a natural and safe method for boosting antiviral defenses. Despite these advancements, significant challenges remain, particularly in deciphering complex host–virus interactions and ensuring the safety and efficacy of these therapies. Continued research and clinical evaluation are essential to realize the full potential of HDTs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current HDT strategies, emphasizing their promise in shaping future antiviral interventions.