Materials & Design

2023

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111647

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Achieving superior dispersion-strengthening effect in an AA5xxx Al-Mg-Mn alloy by mico-alloying

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Introduction4

Effect Of Homogenization On the Microstructure1

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Cited by 17 publications

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“…It can be shown that Zr additionally increases the hardness [13][14][15]. In addition, it can be demonstrated that further fine dispersoids (size of a few nm) are formed [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Other dispersoid phases can be precipitated by adding further elements. Studies have demonstrated the positive influence of Zr and Sc on the mechanical properties of 3xxx [13], 5xxx [14,15] and 6xxx [16] aluminium alloys. It can be shown that Zr additionally increases the hardness [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have demonstrated the positive influence of Zr and Sc on the mechanical properties of 3xxx [13], 5xxx [14,15] and 6xxx [16] aluminium alloys. It can be shown that Zr additionally increases the hardness [13][14][15]. In addition, it can be demonstrated that further fine dispersoids (size of a few nm) are formed [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Influence of Homogenisation Parameters on the Microstructure and Hardness of AlMnFeMgSi(Zr) Wrought Alloys

Broer,

Mallow,

Oldenburg

et al. 2023

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The purpose of this investigation is to improve the mechanical properties of AlMnFeMgSi wrought alloys by forming a high number density of nano-scaled strengthening dispersoids during homogenisation annealing. The process chain for AlMnFeMgSi wrought alloys includes homogenisation annealing after continuous casting. In this step, inhomogeneities and segregations are dissolved and dispersoids are precipitated. The formed dispersoids hinder grain growth, but usually cannot increase the strength due to their coarse size of some 100 nm. Lower homogenisation temperatures should result in the precipitation of smaller dispersoids during homogenisation. The addition of Zr was investigated to increase this effect. Zr should form further dispersoids from the Al3Zr phase. This requires a fundamental understanding of the temperature-dependent kinetics and the nature of precipitation formation during homogenisation. For this purpose, the as-cast state is first characterised via differential scanning calorimetry. Subsequently, a large number of homogenisation parameters are investigated and quantified via hardness testing. The micro- and nanostructure are investigated for promising parameters and a particle analysis is performed. In the present study, it was possible to precipitate fine dispersoids of few 10 nm by reducing the homogenisation temperature, which resulted in a significant increase in hardness. Alloying with Zr enabled the precipitation of further dispersoids with a size of a few nm in a high number density, which further increased the strength.

“…It can be shown that Zr additionally increases the hardness [13][14][15]. In addition, it can be demonstrated that further fine dispersoids (size of a few nm) are formed [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Other dispersoid phases can be precipitated by adding further elements. Studies have demonstrated the positive influence of Zr and Sc on the mechanical properties of 3xxx [13], 5xxx [14,15] and 6xxx [16] aluminium alloys. It can be shown that Zr additionally increases the hardness [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have demonstrated the positive influence of Zr and Sc on the mechanical properties of 3xxx [13], 5xxx [14,15] and 6xxx [16] aluminium alloys. It can be shown that Zr additionally increases the hardness [13][14][15]. In addition, it can be demonstrated that further fine dispersoids (size of a few nm) are formed [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Influence of Homogenisation Parameters on the Microstructure and Hardness of AlMnFeMgSi(Zr) Wrought Alloys

Broer,

Mallow,

Oldenburg

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this investigation is to improve the mechanical properties of AlMnFeMgSi wrought alloys by forming a high number density of nano-scaled strengthening dispersoids during homogenisation annealing. The process chain for AlMnFeMgSi wrought alloys includes homogenisation annealing after continuous casting. In this step, inhomogeneities and segregations are dissolved and dispersoids are precipitated. The formed dispersoids hinder grain growth, but usually cannot increase the strength due to their coarse size of some 100 nm. Lower homogenisation temperatures should result in the precipitation of smaller dispersoids during homogenisation. The addition of Zr was investigated to increase this effect. Zr should form further dispersoids from the Al3Zr phase. This requires a fundamental understanding of the temperature-dependent kinetics and the nature of precipitation formation during homogenisation. For this purpose, the as-cast state is first characterised via differential scanning calorimetry. Subsequently, a large number of homogenisation parameters are investigated and quantified via hardness testing. The micro- and nanostructure are investigated for promising parameters and a particle analysis is performed. In the present study, it was possible to precipitate fine dispersoids of few 10 nm by reducing the homogenisation temperature, which resulted in a significant increase in hardness. Alloying with Zr enabled the precipitation of further dispersoids with a size of a few nm in a high number density, which further increased the strength.

“…The supersaturation of solid solutions and the diffusion velocity of solutes in the matrix are the main factors that affect the nucleation and growth of dispersoids during heat treatment. [16,34] According to the classical nucleation theory, the nucleation rate J can be expressed as follows: [25] J…”

Section: Effect Of Homogenization On the Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Homogenization on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al–Mg–Mn–Er Alloy

Shen,

Yao,

Yang

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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As a traditional nonage‐hardenable aluminum alloy, 5XXX aluminum alloy has a limited dispersion‐strengthening effect since it is challenging to obtain high‐density and fine‐sized dispersoids by a conventional homogenization treatment process. In this work, three different homogenization treatments, single‐stage homogenization, slope heating homogenization, and double‐stage homogenization are used in a new type Al–Mg–Mn–Er alloy to exploit the dispersion strengthening. The precipitation behavior of submicron‐sized Mn‐containing dispersoids and nanosized Al3Er precipitates is investigated. In single‐stage homogenization, the nucleation of the Mn‐containing dispersoid is completed within a span of 2 h at 460 °C, accompanied by noticeable coarsening and the Al3Er precipitate tended to nucleate at dislocation sites and form a chain‐like structure. In slope heating and double‐stage homogenization, during the initial phase of heat treatment, lower temperatures facilitate the nucleation of dispersoids. This leads to the uniform precipitation of Mn‐containing dispersoids within the grain interior and improves the chain distribution of the Al3Er precipitates. The double‐stage homogenization generates the finest dispersoids. The alloy reaches maximum strength in the double‐stage homogenization, and the yield strength is 177 MPa, representing a 22% increase compared to the single‐stage homogenization.

“…Ageing in a temperature range of 300-400 • C leads to the precipitation of the icosahedral I-phase and the Al 12 Mn phases [40][41][42][43]. The precipitation strengthening effect is noticeable for alloys with both Zr and Mn [44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. The strengthening capacity and ageing effect of the elements can be improved by increasing their solubility in Al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microstructure and Properties of Al–Mn–Cu–Zr Alloy after High-Energy Ball Milling and Hot-Press Sintering

Yakovtseva,

Mochugovskiy,

Prosviryakov

et al. 2024

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In the present research an Al–7.7%Mn–4.9%Zr–3.2%Cu (wt%) alloy was processed by mechanical alloying (MA) followed by hot press sintering. The microstructure, phase composition, and mechanical properties of the MA granules and sintered samples were investigated. The dissolution of Mn, Zr, and Cu with further precipitation of the Al6Mn phase were observed during high-energy ball milling. In the alloy processed without stearic acid after milling for ~10 h, an Al-based solid solution with ~4.9 wt%Zr, ~3.2 wt%Cu and a ~5 wt%Mn with a grain size of ~16 nm and a microhardness of ~530 HV were observed. The addition of stearic acid facilitated Mn dissolution and precipitation of the Al6Mn phase during milling but led to the formation of the ZrH2 phase that decreased the Zr solute and the microhardness. Precipitation of the Al6Mn, L12–Al3Zr, and Al2Cu phases during annealing and sintering of the MA granules in the temperate range of 350–375 °C was observed, and an additional Al20Cu2Mn3 phase was precipitated at 400–450 °C. Hot-press sintering at 450 °C provided a low fraction of cavities of ~1.5%, the yield strength of 1100 MPa, ultimate compressive strength of 1200 MPa, strain at fracture of 0.5% at room temperature, the yield strength of 380 MPa, ultimate compressive strength of 440 MPa, and strain at fracture of 3.5% at 350 °C. The microstructural evolution during high-temperature deformation on the sample surface was studied and the differences in deformation behavior for the alloys sintered at different temperatures were discussed.

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