Achieving the shot-noise limit using experimental multi-shot digital holography data

Abstract

In this paper, we achieve the shot-noise limit using straightforward image-post-processing techniques with experimental multi-shot digital holography data (i.e., off-axis data composed of multiple noise and speckle realizations). First, we quantify the effects of frame subtraction (of the mean reference-only frame and the mean signal-only frame from the digital-hologram frames), which boosts the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the baseline dataset with a gain of 2.4 dB. Next, we quantify the effects of frame averaging, both with and without the frame subtraction. We show that even though the frame averaging boosts the SNR by itself, the frame subtraction and the stability of the digital-hologram fringes are necessary to achieve the shot-noise limit. Overall, we boost the SNR of the baseline dataset with a gain of 8.1 dB, which is the gain needed to achieve the shot-noise limit.

Spectral Broadening Effects on Pulsed-Source Digital Holography

“…m . Therefore, the digitalholographic system used in this experiment was not operating in the shot-noise-limited regime [11], [23]. However, this outcome did not affect the ambiguity and coherence efficiencies and is accounted for by other independent efficiencies within the total-system efficiency [16], [17], [25].…”

“…where   , x y are the estimated image-plane coordinates,  is the temporal delay between the centers of the reference and signal pulses,  tot is the total-system efficiency, I q is the image-plane sampling quotient, and S m is the mean number of signal photoelectrons generated by the signal pulse. Equation ( 4) assumes that the reference is sufficiently strong such that the digital-holographic system is operating in a shot-noiselimited regime [11], [23]. Any effects of the system not operating in the shot-noise limit are then captured by  tot .…”

Digital-holography efficiency measurements using a heterodyne-pulsed configuration

“…( 1). Both efficiencies are described in detail elsewhere 13,16,18 and are not of primary concern in this paper. The mixing efficiency, however, merits additional consideration, since it quantifies of how well the reference and signal pulses interfere.…”

“…Therefore, the DH system used in this experiment was not operating in the shot-noise-limited regime. 3,16 As a reminder, this shortcoming was accounted for by the shot-noise-limit efficiency η snl [see Eq. ( 2)].…”

Registration of the dispersed composition of aerosol media by the holographic method

“…The holographic method of recording wave fields makes it possible to record the storage of the entire volume of information about the object of study, namely, the information we need about the size and location of the aerosol particle in space [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. This method provides an opportunity to see the investigated object in separate layers.…”