Acid-base balance and subjective feelings of fatigue during physical exercise

Poulus, A. J.; Docter, H. J.; Westra, H. G.

doi:10.1007/bf00421148

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We observed, however, that sodium-bicarbonate ingestion had no effect on the level of perceived exertion (Table 2). These results confirm those of Stephens et al (30), who used the same scale as this study, and Poulus et al (25), who used a different scale to measure the sensation of fatigue. According to these authors, the sensation of fatigue depends on metabolic, circulatory, and psychochemical changes, among others.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Does Sodium-Bicarbonate Ingestion Improve Simulated Judo Performance?

Artioli

Gualano²,

Coelho³

et al. 2007

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

101

128

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The aim of the present study was to investigate whether preexercise sodium-bicarbonate ingestion improves judo-related performance. The study used 2 different protocols to evaluate performance: 3 bouts of a specific judo test (n = 9) and 4 bouts of the Wingate test for upper limbs (n = 14). In both protocols athletes ingested 0.3 g/kg of sodium bicarbonate or placebo 2 h before the tests. Blood samples were collected to determine lactate level, and levels of perceived exertion were measured throughout the trials. The study used a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design. Ingestion of sodium bicarbonate improved performance in Bouts 2 and 3 of Protocol 1 (P < 0.05), mean power in Bouts 3 and 4 of Protocol 2 (P < 0.05), and peak power in Bout 4 of Protocol 2 (P < 0.05). Ingestion of bicarbonate increased lactate concentration in Protocol 1 (P < 0.05) but not in Protocol 2. Ratings of perceived exertion did not differ between treatments. In conclusion, sodium bicarbonate improves judo-related performance and increases blood lactate concentration but has no effect on perceived exertion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Does Sodium-Bicarbonate Ingestion Improve Simulated Judo Performance?

Artioli

Gualano²,

Coelho³

et al. 2007

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

101

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous studies have also reported no effect of SB on the rate of perceived exertion (Artioli et al 2007; Siegler and Hirscher 2010). It has been argued that the sensation of fatigue is influenced by several factors, such as metabolic, circulatory and psychochemical, changes that occur during exercise (Poulus et al 1974). Therefore, the effects of reduced acidosis would be only one among many factors, minimizing the impact of any buffering agent on perceived exertion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive effects of beta-alanine and sodium bicarbonate on upper-body intermittent performance

et al. 2013

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We examined the isolated and combined effects of beta-alanine (BA) and sodium bicarbonate (SB) on high-intensity intermittent upper-body performance in judo and jiu-jitsu competitors. 37 athletes were assigned to one of four groups: (1) placebo (PL)+PL; (2) BA+PL; (3) PL+SB or (4) BA+SB. BA or dextrose (placebo) (6.4 g day−1) was ingested for 4 weeks and 500 mg kg−1 BM of SB or calcium carbonate (placebo) was ingested for 7 days during the 4th week. Before and after 4 weeks of supplementation, the athletes completed four 30-s upper-body Wingate tests, separated by 3 min. Blood lactate was determined at rest, immediately after and 5 min after the 4th exercise bout, with perceived exertion reported immediately after the 4th bout. BA and SB alone increased the total work done in +7 and 8 %, respectively. The co-ingestion resulted in an additive effect (+14 %, p < 0.05 vs. BA and SB alone). BA alone significantly improved mean power in the 2nd and 3rd bouts and tended to improve the 4th bout. SB alone significantly improved mean power in the 4th bout and tended to improve in the 2nd and 3rd bouts. BA+SB enhanced mean power in all four bouts. PL+PL did not elicit any alteration on mean and peak power. Post-exercise blood lactate increased with all treatments except with PL+PL. Only BA+SB resulted in lower ratings of perceived exertion (p = 0.05). Chronic BA and SB supplementation alone equally enhanced high-intensity intermittent upper-body performance in well-trained athletes. Combined BA and SB promoted a clear additive ergogenic effect.

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“…Others, however, have shown no bene®t of an induced metabolic alkalosis on perceived exertion (Poulus et al 1974) or performance (Kindermann et al 1977;Parry-Billings & MacLaren, 1986;Kelso et al 1987;Horswill et al 1988;Brien & McKenzie, 1989;Kowalchuk et al 1989). In one study designed to simulate athletic competition, trained non-elite (best 800 m time about 2 min 5 s) middle-distance runners were used as subjects and the exercise consisted of a simulated 800 m race; in the alkalotic condition, subjects ran almost 3 s faster than in the placebo or control trials (Wilkes et al 1983).…”

Section: Bicarbonatementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional ergogenic aids and exercise performance

Maughan

1999

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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The use of nutritional supplements in sport is widespread and few serious athletes do not, at some stage in their career, succumb to the temptation to experiment with one or more nutritional supplements. Nutritional ergogenic aids are aimed primarily at enhancing performance (either by affecting energy metabolism or by an effect on the central nervous system), at increasing lean body mass or muscle mass by stimulation of protein synthesis and at reducing body fat content. Although not strictly ergogenic (i.e. capable of enhancing work performance), supplements aimed at increasing resistance to infection and improving general health are seen by athletes as important in reducing the interruptions to training that minor illness and infection can cause. Creatine is perhaps the most widely used supplement in sport at the moment. Supplementation can increase muscle creatine phosphate levels and, although not all published studies show positive results, there is much evidence that performance of short-term high-intensity exercise can be improved by supplementation. Ingestion of large doses of bicarbonate can enhance performance of exercise where metabolic acidosis may be a limiting factor, but there is a signi®cant risk of adverse gastrointestinal side effects. Caffeine can also improve performance, in part by a stimulation of fatty acid mobilization and sparing of the body's limited carbohydrate stores, but also via direct effects on muscle and possibly by central nervous system effects on the perception of effort and fatigue. Carnitine plays an essential role in fatty acid oxidation in muscle but, although supplements are used by athletes, there is no good evidence of a bene®cial effect of supplementation. None of these products contravenes the International Olympic Committee regulations on doping in sports, although caffeine is not permitted above a urine concentration of 12 mg/l. Supplementation is particularly prevalent among strength and power athletes, where an increase in muscle mass can bene®t performance. Protein supplements have not been shown to be effective except in those rare cases where the dietary protein intake is otherwise inadequate. Individual amino acids, especially ornithine, arginine and glutamine, are also commonly used, but their bene®t is not supported by documented evidence. Cr and hydroxymethylbutyrate are also used by strength athletes, but again there are no well-controlled studies to provide evidence of a bene®cial effect. Athletes use a wide variety of supplements aimed at improving or maintaining general health and vitamin and mineral supplementation is widespread. There is a theoretical basis, and limited evidence, to support the use of antioxidant vitamins and glutamine during periods of intensive training, but further evidence is required before the use of these supplements can be recommended.

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Acid-base balance and subjective feelings of fatigue during physical exercise

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

Does Sodium-Bicarbonate Ingestion Improve Simulated Judo Performance?

Does Sodium-Bicarbonate Ingestion Improve Simulated Judo Performance?

Additive effects of beta-alanine and sodium bicarbonate on upper-body intermittent performance

Nutritional ergogenic aids and exercise performance

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