Acid-modified phonolite and foamed zeolite as supports for NiW catalysts for deoxygenation of waste rendering fat

Abstract

Acid-modified phonolite material, Al 2 O 3 /foam zeolite and foam zeolite were used as supports for NiW catalysts. The zeolite type materials were prepared by a novel procedure from natural clinoptilolite. Phonolite materials were loaded with 5, 7.5 and 10 wt% of Ni containing 10, 7.5 and 5 wt% of W. Al 2 O 3 /foam zeolite contained 4 and 13 wt% of Ni and W and pure foamed zeolite was effectively loaded with 5 and 16 wt% of Ni and W. NiW/Al 2 O 3 catalyst (3 wt% Ni and 11 wt% of W) was used for comparison of catalytic properties of synthesized materials. Catalytic tests were carried out in an autoclave pressurized at 7 MPa (H 2 ) at room temperature and then heated to 365 °C for 1 h. Catalysts were characterized by N 2 physisorption, XRD, XRF, NH 3 -TPD, CO 2 -TPD and H 2 -TPR. Catalyst properties were compared for the HDO of rendering fat into hydrocarbons. The liquid products were analyzed by simulated distillation, C, H, N, S elemental analysis, ATR and density (15 °C). Gaseous products were characterized by RGA-GC. Used catalysts were also analyzed by N 2 -TGA and O 2 -TGA. Novel phonolite modified solids and NiW/foam zeolite type materials were tested for the first time as catalysts being in some cases more active than NiW/Al 2 O 3 material. Ni(5%)W(10%)/Acid phonolite and NiW/Foamed Zeolite resulted to be the most active materials for the HDO and hydrocracking reactions. The lowest amount of carbonaceous species on the surface of tested catalyst was found for the Ni(5%)W(10%)/Acid phonolite solid.

Acid and Thermal Treatment of Alkali-Activated Zeolite Foams

“…There are some studies concerning the alkaline activation of natural zeolites, but not in terms of materials or the study of their properties for use in catalytic and sorption applications. These materials have great potential as it has been proven in a number of national patents and also in our earlier publications [32][33][34]. Currently, research is going on and the materials or catalysts prepared from them are tested for catalytic decomposition of N 2 O (Co catalysts), deoxygenation of oils, and condensates from aldolization reactions (MoCx/MoNx catalysts), but also for heavy metal sorption applications.…”

Mesityl Oxide Reduction by Using Acid-Modified Phonolite Supported NiW, NiMo, and CoMo Catalysts

“…In this work, the aim was to gain more knowledge about the MSO reduction by using metal sulfide catalysts. In addition, we used a catalyst based on the modification of a mineral source of phonolite (Ph) which is located near to the refinery in the Northwest of Czech Republic with the aim of obtaining a cost-effective catalyst similar to the commercial metal sulfide catalysts based on the use of a support with high contents of SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 [13][14][15]. A previous experience by using a NiW-supported catalyst on oxalic acid modified Ph for the production of MIBK led to continue with the research of the MSO reduction [16].…”

Oxalic Acid as a Hydrogen Donor for the Hydrodesulfurization of Gas Oil and Deoxygenation of Rapeseed Oil Using Phonolite-Based Catalysts

“…There was no evidence of NiO crystal phase for the solids containing Ni at 2 θ about 38° (111), 43° (200), and 62.5° (220) [ 16 ]. In addition, the diffraction peaks at 2 θ = 32 and 35° assigned to the reflections associated with tungsten oxide (WO 3 , (220)) [ 17 ] were not clear.…”