Acinetobacter Species: Phenotypic Characterization And Antimicrobial Resistance

Abstract

Background: Acinetobacter species is ubiquitous, aerobic gram-negative coccobacilli that are now emerging as an important nosocomial pathogen. Objectives: The present study was designed to know the prevalence of Acinetobacter in various clinical samples, their characterization and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in B.P. Koirala Institute of Health and Sciences, Dharan. Methodology: Hundred Acinetobacter isolates obtained from different clinical specimens were taken. Identification to species level was done according to standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents was performed by Kirby Bauer method with special reference to Minimum inhibitory concentration to meropenem. Result : The predominant Acinetobacter isolate was Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (42%) followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (34%) , Acinetobacter lwoffii (18%) and Acinetobacter junii (6%). Resistance pattern to various drugs were Meropenem (19%), Piperacillin (96%), Piperacillintazobactum (43%) , Amikacin (51%), Ceftazidime (84%), Ceftriaxone (66%), Co-trimoxazole (58%), Gentamicin (57%), Ciprofloxacin (55%), Tetracycline (53%) . Eleven isolates of Acinetobacter were resistant to Meropenem as detected by MIC testing whereas resistant Acinetobacter by disc diffusion technique were 19 in number. Conclusion: Occurrence of Acinetobacter in our hospital as an important clinical isolate is a serious matter of concern. Moreover, its involvement in wide spectrum of diseases and development of resistance to commonly used antimicrobials has further worsened the situation. Prudent use of antimicrobials, effective surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and adherence to infection control practices, perhaps are the key factors that may prevent the development and dissemination of resistance among the local isolates. Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol. 2, No.1 Issue 3 Nov.-April 2013 Page 43-48 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v2i1.7675

Acinetobacter infections prevalence and frequency of the antibiotics resistance: comparative study of intensive care units versus other hospital units

“…In our study, the resistance rate against tested beta-lactam antibiotics ranged from 76% to 89% throughout the hospital, from 87 to 98% in the ICUs and 59-75% in the other units. This rate is comparable to that observed in Asia, where it ranged from 56 to 94% [ 14 , 20 , 27 , 32 ]. In a Libyan study, the resistance was of 62.3 to 98.8% throughout the studied hospital, 71.6-100% in the ICUs and from 42.6 to 96.2% in the other units [ 31 ].…”

“…This rate is higher than that obtained in the United States and South Africa in a similar study where the resistance to ceftazidime was 52.1% and 68.4% respectively [ 8 , 21 ]. It ranges from 60 to 92.1% in studies in Asia [ 14 , 20 , 27 , 32 ].…”

Multi-Drug Resistant Acinetobacter: Detection of blaNDM-1 genotype and biofilm formation at a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Nepal

“…2) and Acb complex ( Table 5 Association between antibiotic resistance, ESBL production, MBL production, biofilm production and and piperacillin (80%) [25]. We found that the isolates resistance to amikacin were 44.7% and to ciprofloxacin 50.0% which was consistent with report by Shrestha et al [23]. [20].…”

“…baumannii) complex was predominating species (51.5%) in this study which was comparable to finding by Gupta et al 2015 from India which 9%) which was consistent with previously reported (25%) by Shrestha et al 2013[23].Resistance to cefepime (74.4%) and cefotaxime (73.8%) was detected in 74.4% and 73.8% of isolates respectively, followed by ceftazidime (72.5%), ceftriaxone (65%) and piperacillin 65%. Except piperacillin, antibiotic resistance patterns were comparable with that reported byShrestha et al 2013 in Nepal as ceftazidime (84%), ceftriaxone (66%), and piperacillin (96%)[23]. In addition, Amatya et al 2015 documented resistance towards ceftazidime (81%), cefotaxime (67.3%) and ceftriaxone (69.3%)[24].…”

Isolation, Identification and β-lactamase detection of Multi-Drug Resistant Acinetobacter species from Patients admitted in Intensive Care Units of Hospital

“…Acinetobacter infections have been reported for almost all organ systems. It is usually an opportunistic pathogen as evidenced by the fact that 14% to 16% of infections are mixed infection [4]. Acinetobacter species is now recognized to be the species of great clinical importance being capable of causing life threatening infection including pneumonia, septicemia, wound sepsis, urinary tract infection, endocarditis and meningitis.…”