Acoustic jaw reflex in man: Its relationship to other brain-stem and microreflexes

Meier-Ewert, K.; Gleitsmann, Ken; Reiter, Franz

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(74)90229-6

Cited by 96 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the masseter muscles SPs have been observed after acoustic stimuli, a tap on the chin, and stimulation applied to the surface of the tongue and to the masseter muscle belly (Hoffman and Tonnies, 1948;Struppler et al, 1960;Hufschmidt and Spuler, 1962;Shahani and Young, 1973;Meier-Ewert et al, 1974). Some of the authors support the hypothesis that Golgi tendon organ activity plays a significant role in the genesis of masseter SPs, but others assign this role to spindle pause.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Cutaneous silent period in masseter muscles: a clinical and electrodiagnostic evaluation.

Visser¹,

Goor²

1976

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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SYNOPSIS In 35 normal subjects electromyographic silent periods were constantly evoked bilaterally in the masseter muscles during maximal contraction after unilateral electrical stimulation over the infraorbital or mental nerve. Findings in this study and data obtained in 30 patients suffering from trigeminal (26) and facial (four) nerve lesions suggest that the silent period evoked according to our methods is cutaneous in origin. The trigeminal sensory root forms the afferent limb of the silent period reflex. Its central pathway is thought to pass both crossed and uncrossed through the pons. Determination of the cutaneous silent period might be of value for the demonstration of trigeminal nerve lesions and to supplement results concerning other brain-stem reflexes.The electromyographic silent period (SP) refers to a transitory, relative or absolute decrease of EMG activity evoked in the midst of an otherwise sustained contraction (Shahani and Young, 1973). The term SP should be reserved for reflex pauses following a stimulus of some kind -for example, an electrical shock-to peripheral nerves and the skin overlying them; phasic reflex contractions-for instance, a tendon tap; or sudden decreases in the load against which a muscle is contracting (unloading reflex). Several factors are involved in the SP, including recurrent inhibition of motoneurones (Renshaw inhibition), Golgi tendon organ inhibitory activity, a pause in muscle spindle input, cutaneous factors, and descending impulses from subcortical or cortical areas, as well as other mechanisms yet to be described (Shahani and Young, 1973;Struppler, 1975).In the masseter muscles SPs have been observed after acoustic stimuli, a tap on the chin, and stimulation applied to the surface of the tongue and to the masseter muscle belly (Hoffman and Tonnies, 1948;Struppler et al., 1960;

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mentioning

confidence: 96%

Cutaneous silent period in masseter muscles: a clinical and electrodiagnostic evaluation.

Visser¹,

Goor²

1976

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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“…These acoustically induced silent periods have a duration of approximately 11 ms for human masseter muscle (Meier-Ewert et al, 1974), which is greater than the 6-7-ms range during masticatory activity of rats detected in this study (see Table). It is possible, however, that pronounced masseteric silent periods during actual mastication may be in response to vibrations produced during SC phase trituration of hard/brittle food items (Luschei and Goldberg, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Although several investigators have established that electromyographic (EMG) silent periods can be elicited from muscles of mastication in experimental situations by tooth tapping, electrical stimulations, and loud auditory stimuli (Hannam et al, 1969(Hannam et al, , 1970Meier-Ewert et al, 1974;Lamarre and Lund, 1975;Sessle and Greenwood, 1976;Sessle, 1977;Bernstein et al, 1981;McCall et al, 1981;Furuya and Hedegard, 1981;Lavigne et al, 1983;van der Glas et al, 1984;Carels and van Steenberghe, 1986;Tallgren et al, 1987), few studies have attempted to determine theirfunctional significance (Dubner et al, 1978).…”

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confidence: 99%

Loci and Characteristics of EMG Silent Periods During Masticatory Mandibular Movements in Rats

Byrd

1988

J Dent Res

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Frontal plane mandibular movements and the associated superficial masseter EMG signals of six 39-day-old rats were simultaneously recorded and digitized at a rate of 1 kHz by the optoelectronic method in order to investigate the loci and attributes of masseteric silent periods during mastication of hard (pellets) and soft (slurry) food items. The marked silent periods, defined as cessations of EMG activity during the slow-close (SC) phase of single chewing cycles, were analyzed for their (1) onset and offset durations relative to physiological centric occlusion (PCO), (2) frontal vertical (FV) and frontal horizontal (FH) loci relative to PCO, and (3) FV and FH velocities and accelerations of masticatory mandibular movements in relation to PCO. The start (SSP) and end (ESP) of silent period loci relative to PCO moved superiorly as sequences of pellet mastication progressed. All silent period attributes during slurry consumption were significantly different (p less than or equal to 0.01) from pellet attributes: Slurry SSP and ESP loci were closer to PCO than were pellet loci; durations of silent period loci during pellet mastication were more variable than were slurry durations. FV distance and velocity values for pellets were greater than with pellets. Although FV velocities during both pellet and slurry mastication decreased at ESP relative to SSP values, their FH velocities at ESP actually increased relative to SSP velocities. Loci attributes of EMG silent periods appeared largely dependent on the consistency of the food item being masticated.

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“…Inhibition of jaw closing muscle activity has been reported by mechanical taps delivered to the menton,1-5 teeth,6-9 and other locations;10'11 by electrical stimulation of facial areas,12-15 oral mucosa, 16 and tooth pulp;17-19 by tapping the teeth together voluntarily in dentate subjects20 '21 or in edentulous individuals with complete dentures;22'23 and even auditory stimuli. 24 In view of the reported clinical significance of the silent period duration elicited by a menton tap during a maximal clench, the mechanisms of this specific method are especially important. The recording of silent periods educed by tooth taps before and after anesthesia of the tooth6-9 has established that receptors in or around the periodontal ligament can cause silent periods.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Cutaneous Receptors in the Menton Tap Silent Period

et al. 1979

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The neuromuscular mechanisms of the electromyographic silent period are poorly understood but clinically significant. Our purpose was to isolate the contribution of cutaneous afferents from the chin to the latency and the duration of the EMG silent period. Under the conditions of our experiment, the afferents of the mental nerve have no observable influence on the latency or the duration of the silent period educed by a menton tap.

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Acoustic jaw reflex in man: Its relationship to other brain-stem and microreflexes

Cited by 96 publications

References 10 publications

Cutaneous silent period in masseter muscles: a clinical and electrodiagnostic evaluation.

Cutaneous silent period in masseter muscles: a clinical and electrodiagnostic evaluation.

Loci and Characteristics of EMG Silent Periods During Masticatory Mandibular Movements in Rats

The Role of Cutaneous Receptors in the Menton Tap Silent Period

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