Acquisition, optimization and interpretation of X-ray computed tomographic imagery: applications to the geosciences

Ketcham, Richard A.; Carlson, William D.

doi:10.1016/s0098-3004(00)00116-3

Cited by 1,302 publications

(946 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Conventional X-ray micro-CT is a well-established technology first developed for medical purposes (Cormack, 1963;Hounsfield, 1973;New et al, 1974), and subsequently adapted and extended to a wide variety of research fields, including the Earth sciences (Arnold et al, 1983;Conroy and Vannier, 1984;Ketcham and Carlson, 2001). X-ray CT allows for nondestructive 3D visualization and characterization of solids based on differences in the X-ray attenuation coefficients of the sample constituents.…”

Section: Principles Of Conventional Vs Sem Micro-ctmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas preparation and mounting of voluminous geological samples for conventional micro-CT techniques are straightforward (Ketcham and Carlson, 2001), the procedure is significantly more challenging for the small samples investigated here with SEM micro-CT. Accurate centering of the particle with respect to the stage rotation axis is of critical importance, as the particle has to stay within the field of view of the X-ray camera during rotation.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-resolution 3D analyses of the shape and internal constituents of small volcanic ash particles: The contribution of SEM micro-computed tomography (SEM micro-CT)

Vonlanthen

Rausch

Ketcham

et al. 2015

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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The morphology of small volcanic ash particles is fundamental to our understanding of magma fragmentation, and in transport modeling of volcanic plumes and clouds. Until recently, the analysis of 3D features in small objects (b250 μm) was either restricted to extrapolations from 2D approaches, partial stereo-imaging, or CT methods having limited spatial resolution and/or accessibility. In this study, an X-ray computed-tomography technique known as SEM micro-CT, also called 3D X-ray ultramicroscopy (3D XuM), was used to investigate the 3D morphology of small volcanic ash particles (125-250 μm sieve fraction), as well as their vesicle and microcrystal distribution. The samples were selected from four stratigraphically well-established tephra layers of the Meerfelder Maar (West Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany). Resolution tests performed on a Beametr v1 pattern sample along with Monte Carlo simulations of X-ray emission volumes indicated that a spatial resolution of 0.65 μm was obtained for X-ray shadow projections using a standard thermionic SEM and a bulk brass target as X-ray source. Analysis of a smaller volcanic ash particle (64-125 μm sieve fraction) showed that features with volumes N 20 μm 3 (~3.5 μm in diameter) can be successfully reconstructed and quantified. In addition, new functionalities of the Blob3D software were developed to allow the particle shape factors frequently used as input parameters in ash transport and dispersion models to be calculated. This study indicates that SEM micro-CT is very well suited to quantify the various aspects of shape in fine volcanic ash, and potentially also to investigate the 3D morphology and internal structure of any object b 0.1 mm 3 .

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Section: Principles Of Conventional Vs Sem Micro-ctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution 3D analyses of the shape and internal constituents of small volcanic ash particles: The contribution of SEM micro-computed tomography (SEM micro-CT)

Vonlanthen

Rausch

Ketcham

et al. 2015

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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“…There are a number of possible techniques to reduce the beam hardening in the scanned image which includes the use of X-ray beam that is energetic enough to ensure that beam hardening is negligible, use of filters, increased exposure time among others [Ketcham and Carlson, 2001]. In this study, the beam hardening artifact is corrected using the background and flat field correction feature in Avizo Fire.…”

Section: Experimental Data and Scanning Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asphalt Internal Structure Characterization with X-Ray Computed Tomography and Digital Image Processing

et al. 2013

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Abstract. In this paper, detailed study is carried out to develop a new workflow from image acquisition to numerical simulation for the asphalt concrete microstructures. High resolution computed tomography scanned images are acquired and the image quality is improved using digital image processing techniques. Nonuniform illumination is corrected by applying an illumination profile to correct the background and flat-fields in the image. Distance map based watershed segmentation are used to segment the phases and separate the aggregates. Quantitative analysis of the micro-structure is used to determine the phase volumetric relationship and aggregates characteristics. The result of the quantitative analysis showed a very high level of reliability. Finite Element simulations were carried out with the developed micro-mechanical meshes to capture the strength and deformation mechanisms of the asphalt concrete micro-structure. From the micro-mechanical investigation the load transfer chains, higher strength characteristics and high stress localization at the mastic interface between adjacent aggregates was shown.

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“…Microtomography is a non-destructive tool that provides information about the internal structure of phantoms, enabling detailed analysis of the homogeneity and beam of capillaries geometry, and lending valuable insight for the development of numerical models. The theoretical basis of lCT was very well described by Ketcham and Carlson (2001), Baker et al (2012) and by Gnudde and Boone (2013) in the review articles. Examples of lCT analysis of various types of porous media were presented in articles by Appoloni et al (2007), Bielecki et al (2013), Kaczmarek et al (2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

High-resolution computed microtomography for the characterization of a diffusion tensor imaging phantom

et al. 2017

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This paper addresses the issue of the quantitative characterization of the structure of the calibration model (phantom) for b-matrix spatial distribution diffusion tensor imaging (BSD-DTI) scanners. The aim of this study was to verify manufacturing assumptions of the structure of materials, since phantoms are used for BSD-DTI calibration directly after manufacturing. Visualization of the phantoms' structure was achieved through optical microscopy and high-resolution computed microtomography (lCT). Using lCT images, a numerical model of the materials structure was developed for further quantitative analysis. 3D image characterization was performed to determine crucial structural parameters of the phantom: porosity, uniformity and distribution of equivalent diameter of capillary bundles. Additionally calculations of hypothetical flow streamlines were also performed based on the numerical model that was developed. The results obtained in this study can be used in the calibration of DTI-BST measurements. However, it was found that the structure of the phantom exhibits flaws and discrepancies from the assumed geometry which might affect BSD-DTI calibration.

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Acquisition, optimization and interpretation of X-ray computed tomographic imagery: applications to the geosciences

Cited by 1,302 publications

References 35 publications

High-resolution 3D analyses of the shape and internal constituents of small volcanic ash particles: The contribution of SEM micro-computed tomography (SEM micro-CT)

High-resolution 3D analyses of the shape and internal constituents of small volcanic ash particles: The contribution of SEM micro-computed tomography (SEM micro-CT)

Asphalt Internal Structure Characterization with X-Ray Computed Tomography and Digital Image Processing

High-resolution computed microtomography for the characterization of a diffusion tensor imaging phantom

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