Acrylamide: its metabolism, developmental and reproductive effects, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity

Dearfield, Kerry L.; Abernathy, Charles O.; Ottley, Myron S.; Brantner, John H.; Hayes, Paul F.

doi:10.1016/0165-1110(88)90015-2

Cited by 345 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…ACR is neurotoxic, genotoxic and highly carcinogenic to humans and animals (2,3). The experimental research shows that administering acrylamide in certain doses and periods may have toxic and carcinogenic effects on animals and humans (2)(3)(4)(5). It has been proven that cooking foods at high temperature leads to high level of acrylamide to form and this fact has been an important milestone for studies related to acrylamide (6,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The protective effect of N-acetylcysteine against acrylamide toxicity in liver and small and large intestine tissues

Altınöz¹,

Türköz²,

Vardı³

2015

BLL

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Abstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine against acrylamide toxicity in liver and small and large intestine tissues in rats. The rats were divided into four groups. Acrylamide administration increased MDA levels in all tissues significantly (p < 0.05). But acrylamide+NAC administration decreased MDA levels signifi cantly as compared to the acrylamide group, and lowered it to a level close to the control group values (p < 0.05). GSH levels in liver and small intestine tissues reduced signifi cantly in the acrylamide group (p < 0.05). But acrylamide+NAC administration increased GSH levels signifi cantly in all tissues. Whereas GST activity decreased signifi cantly in the acrylamide group in liver and small intestine tissues as compared to the other groups (p < 0.05), the GST activity increased signifi cantly in the acrylamide+NAC group in all tissues as compared to the acrylamide group (p < 0.05). Liver histopathology showed that the liver epithelial cells were damaged signifi cantly in the acrylamide group. Small intestine histopathology showed that the intestinal villous epithelial cells were damaged signifi cantly in the acrylamide group. Our results indicate that a high level of acrylamide causes oxidative damage in liver and small and large intestine tissues, while N-acetylcysteine administration in a pharmacological dose shows to have an antioxidant effect in preventing this damage (Tab. 2, Fig. 2, Ref. 66). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The protective effect of N-acetylcysteine against acrylamide toxicity in liver and small and large intestine tissues

Altınöz¹,

Türköz²,

Vardı³

2015

BLL

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Recently, new concerns about health risks for the general population have been raised by the finding that AA is formed in food during cooking (Mottram et al, 2002;Stadler et al, 2002;Tareke et al, 2000;Tornqvist, 2005). Although a large number of studies and the updated reviews on the genotoxicity of AA and its metabolite glycidamide (GA) have been reported (Besaratinia and Pfeifer, 2007;Dearfield et al, 1988;Dearfield et al, 1995;Rice, 2005), the mechanisms for the genotoxicity of AA are not completely clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxic effects of acrylamide and glycidamide in mouse lymphoma cells

Mei

Churchwell

et al. 2008

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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In addition to occupational exposures to acrylamide (AA), concerns about AA health risks for the general population have been recently raised due to the finding of AA in food. In this study, we evaluated the genotoxicity of AA and its metabolite glycidamide (GA) in L5178Y/ Tk +/− mouse lymphoma cells. The cells were treated with 2-18 mM of AA or 0.125-4 mM of GA for 4 h without metabolic activation. The DNA adducts, mutant frequencies and the types of mutations for the treated cells were examined. Within the dose range tested, GA induced DNA adducts of adenine and guanine [N3-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-adenine and N7-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-guanine] in a linear dose-dependent manner. The levels of guanine adducts were consistently about 60-fold higher across the dose range than those of adenine. In contrast, no GAderived DNA adducts were found in the cells treated with any concentrations of AA, consistent with a lack of metabolic conversion of AA to GA. However, the mutant frequency was significantly increased by AA at concentrations of 12 mM and higher. GA was mutagenic starting with the 2 mM dose, suggesting that GA is much more mutagenic than AA. The mutant frequencies were increased with increasing concentrations of AA and GA, mainly due to an increase of proportion of small colony mutants. To elucidate the underlying mutagenic mechanism, we examined the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at four microsatellite loci spanning the entire chromosome 11 for mutants induced by AA or GA. Compared to GA induced mutations, AA induced more mutants whose LOH extended to D11Mit22 and D11Mit74, an alteration of DNA larger than half of the chromosome. Statistical analysis of the mutational spectra revealed a significant difference between the types of mutations induced by AA and GA treatments (P = 0.018). These results suggest that although both AA and GA generate mutations through a clastogenic mode of action in mouse lymphoma cells, GA induces mutations via a DNA adduct mechanism whereas AA induces mutations by a mechanism not involving the formation of GA adducts.

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“…However, their use is increasingly most questioned due to: -environmental problems (Christopher et al, 1995;Kaggwa et al, 2001), primarily for the generation of toxic sludge that cannot be used in agriculture; -connection with cancer (Dearfield et al, 1964;McCollister et al, 1964;Mallevialle et al, 1984). Acrylamide, in particular, is classified as CMR substance (Carcinogenic, Mutagenic or Toxic for Reproduction) by health authorities.…”

Section: Use Of Coagulants and Flocculants: Advantages And Drawbacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternatives to the use of synthetic organic coagulant aids in drinking water treatment: improvements in the application of the crude extract ofMoringa oleiferaseed

García-Fayos

Arnal

Monforte-Monleón³

et al. 2014

Desalination and Water Treatment

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Arnal Arnal, JM.; Sancho Fernández, MP. (2015). Alternatives to the use of synthetic organic coagulant aids in drinking water treatment: improvements in the application of the crude extract of Moringa oleifera seed. Desalination and Water Treatment. 55(13):3635-3645. doi:10.1080/19443994.2014.939487. Alternatives to the use of synthetic organic coagulant-aids in drinking water treatment: improvements in the application of the crude extract of Moringa oleifera seed Abstract:Drinking water treatment is a process based on multiple stages that has as main objective to provide water safe enough to be consumed by humans. Coagulation-flocculation is used to remove colloidal and suspended solids. This process improves the performance of subsequent stages (as sedimentation or filtration) as well as the water quality with a desired end-use. For many years, inorganic and organic synthetic polyelectrolytes have been used in coagulationflocculation processes. However, its use has been deeply studied recently to determine the potential impact of residual concentration of these substances over human health and the environment. Strict regulations limit the concentration of free residual monomer after the addition of Polyacrylamide (PAM) in drinking water treatment and study the effect of the interaction of the residues with disinfection products. Therefore, in the last years there has been a resurgence of interest to use natural materials with the same performance that synthetic, but with lower hazard for the environment and humans. This work studies the use of the flocculant extracted from Moringa oleifera seed, in combination with Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC). The performance is compared with the combination PAC-PAM in terms of coagulant activity and physical-chemical quality of the water treated. Jar test were carried out using two types of natural water (with presence of bentonites) and different combinations of coagulant and flocculants. Results show that coagulant activity of PAC-Moringa combination is comparable with the results obtained with PAC-PAM, reducing initial turbidity up to 90% in all the tests. With regard to physical-chemical quality of the treated water, PAC-Moringa produces values under the drinking water quality standards for all the parameters analyzed. It is remarkable the decrease of 50% in the trihalomethanes formation potential rate shown for PAC-Moringa combination, observed when treating natural water with presence of bentonites. Therefore, the results obtain in this work encourage the use of Moringa oleifera extract as a natural, low cost, effective and low toxicity alternative to the use of synthetic organic polyelectrolytes as polyacrylamide for drinking water treatment.

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Acrylamide: its metabolism, developmental and reproductive effects, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity

Cited by 345 publications

References 39 publications

The protective effect of N-acetylcysteine against acrylamide toxicity in liver and small and large intestine tissues

The protective effect of N-acetylcysteine against acrylamide toxicity in liver and small and large intestine tissues

Genotoxic effects of acrylamide and glycidamide in mouse lymphoma cells

Alternatives to the use of synthetic organic coagulant aids in drinking water treatment: improvements in the application of the crude extract ofMoringa oleiferaseed

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