Action Semantic Deficits and Impaired Motor Skills in Autistic Adults Without Intellectual Impairment

Hillus, Josephina; Moseley, Rachel; Röepke, Stefan; Mohr, Bettina

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00256

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…We also observed reduced intra-connectivity in the PCC and increased intra-connectivity in precuneus for both illnesses, aligning with previous findings 36 . Interestingly, we revealed that the integration within the SM domain was also diminished in both disorders, supporting their SM abnormality [43][44][45][46] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Evidence of shared and distinct functional and structural brain signatures in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder

Xing

et al. 2021

Commun Biol

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Schizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) share considerable clinical features and intertwined historical roots. It is greatly needed to explore their similarities and differences in pathophysiologic mechanisms. We assembled a large sample size of neuroimaging data (about 600 SZ patients, 1000 ASD patients, and 1700 healthy controls) to study the shared and unique brain abnormality of the two illnesses. We analyzed multi-scale brain functional connectivity among functional networks and brain regions, intra-network connectivity, and cerebral gray matter density and volume. Both SZ and ASD showed lower functional integration within default mode and sensorimotor domains, but increased interaction between cognitive control and default mode domains. The shared abnormalties in intra-network connectivity involved default mode, sensorimotor, and cognitive control networks. Reduced gray matter volume and density in the occipital gyrus and cerebellum were observed in both illnesses. Interestingly, ASD had overall weaker changes than SZ in the shared abnormalities. Interaction between visual and cognitive regions showed disorder-unique deficits. In summary, we provide strong neuroimaging evidence of the convergent and divergent changes in SZ and ASD that correlated with clinical features.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Evidence of shared and distinct functional and structural brain signatures in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder

Xing

et al. 2021

Commun Biol

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“…These results are consistent with those obtained by Inokuchi and Kamio (105), who found a deficit in the semantic clustering process in VFT in autistic adults compared to NT controls. A decrease in the number of action names spontaneously generated could be caused by executive dysfunction 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1098210 (105), motor impairment (108), or deficits in social cognition in ASD and ADHD. In addition, the performance of adults with ADHD in this task was correlated with an unconstrained VFT condition (the free condition; Table 6) which is particularly dependent on initiation strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In view of results from a previous study on co-occurring ADHD + ASD ( 97 ), this group may present with the emotional particularities of both conditions with emotion generation difficulties related to joy, fear and anger. Regarding AVFT, given the primary deficits in predicting, and interpreting the actions of others ( 107 ), and motor issues involving fronto-striatal circuits ( 108 ) in ASD, adults with ADHD + ASD are expected to produce fewer and rarer (low frequency in the language) action verbs than adults with ADHD and NT controls, whereas adults with ADHD will produce fewer action verbs than NT adults. Nevertheless, due to the hyperactivity found in ADHD, the action verbs produced are expected to be more arousing than those found in NT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tackling emotional processing in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder + autism spectrum disorder using emotional and action verbal fluency tasks

Walter

Martz²,

Weibel³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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IntroductionAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are two neurodevelopmental conditions with neuropsychological, social, emotional, and psychopathological similarities. Both are characterized by executive dysfunction, emotion dysregulation (ED), and psychiatric comorbidities. By focusing on emotions and embodied cognition, this study aims to improve the understanding of overlapping symptoms between ADHD and ASD through the use of verbal fluency tasks.MethodsFifty-two adults with ADHD, 13 adults with ADHD + ASD and 24 neurotypical (NT) participants were recruited in this study. A neuropsychological evaluation, including different verbal fluency conditions (e.g. emotional and action), was proposed. Subjects also completed several self-report questionnaires, such as scales measuring symptoms of ED.ResultsCompared to NT controls, adults with ADHD + ASD produced fewer anger-related emotions. Symptoms of emotion dysregulation were associated with an increased number of actions verbs and emotions produced in ADHD.DiscussionThe association between affective language of adults with ADHD and symptoms of emotion dysregulation may reflect their social maladjustment. Moreover, the addition of ADHD + ASD conditions may reflect more severe affective dysfunction.

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“…Since the discovery of mirror neurons (Gallese et al, 1996;Rizzolatti et al, 1996), that react similarly for goal-oriented self-motions and for similar motions of others and thus allow estimations of the intentions of others, scientists have considered that the mirror neuron system may be impaired or possibly dysfunctional in autism, see, e.g., (Williams et al, 2001;Rizzolatti and Fabbri-Destro 2010;Hillus et al 2019, and the cited references therein). It was thought that in typical cases, mirror neurons can provide supervisory information for training and for copying behavioral templates.…”

Section: 'Mirror Neuron Theory'mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Autism Palette: Combinations of Impairments Explain the Heterogeneity in ASD

Fóthi¹,

Lörincz²,

Soorya³

2020

Preprint

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neuropsychiatric problem with a few core symptoms: weaknesses in social behavior, verbal impairments, repetitive behavior and restricted interests. Beyond the core symptoms, autism has strong association with other disorders such as intellectual disability, epilepsy, schizophrenia among many others. This paper outlines a theory of ASD with capacity to connect heterogeneous ‘core’ symptoms, medical and psychiatric comorbidities as well as other etiological theories of autism in a unifying cognitive framework rooted in neuroscience and genetics. Cognition is embedded into an ever-developing structure modified by experiences, including the outcomes of environment influencing behaviors. We introduce the hypothesis that autism is caused by deficits in component-based cognition and the internal learning reinforcing machinery. Specifically, we outline our Cartesian Factor forming autoencoder like model that supports cognition by breaking combinatorial explosion and discuss the cognitive and neural processes behind our model. The high dimensionality of sensory information poses serious problems, since the brain can handle only 7±2 relevant variables at a time making processes, such as the extraction and encoding of the relevant variables and their efficient manipulation critical. These processes are influenced by previous experiences and the internal reward system. In addition, large delays of distributed information processing should be counteracted by learned predictive models to synchronize sensory, proprioceptive, and cognitive signals and have timely and accurate model-based actions. Impairments in any of these aspects may disrupt learning and execution. Combinations of small impairments may allow the solving of low complexity tasks but may become visible if learned variables and the related metric are improper and imprecise, respectively, especially if their number is large. We claim that social interactions are amongst the most challenging cognitive tasks in terms of the number of variables involved. In turn, they are highly susceptible to combinations of small impairments. We consider impairments as the basic colors of autism, whereas the combinations of diverse impairments make the palette of autism. In turn, social processes can be spoiled in many ways and can lead to diverse comorbidities.

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Action Semantic Deficits and Impaired Motor Skills in Autistic Adults Without Intellectual Impairment

Cited by 10 publications

References 96 publications

Evidence of shared and distinct functional and structural brain signatures in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder

Evidence of shared and distinct functional and structural brain signatures in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder

Tackling emotional processing in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder + autism spectrum disorder using emotional and action verbal fluency tasks

The Autism Palette: Combinations of Impairments Explain the Heterogeneity in ASD

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