Activated Anionic Polymerization of ε-Caprolactam for RIM Process

Alfonso, Giovanni Carlo; Chiappori, Carmen; Razore, Sandro; Russo, Saverio

doi:10.1021/bk-1985-0270.ch011

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A Perkin-Elmer Lambda 9 UV spectrophotometer was used to monitor the presence of structural irregularities in PCL chains, as they are able to strongly absorb in the UV region: it is customary to assume that the UV absorption is directly proportional to the total amount of side products . The UV spectra were performed on 1% (w/w) PCL solutions in anhydrous formic acid between 250 and 400 nm (path length = 1 cm), and the optical density maximum (OD max ) at 270−280 nm was considered.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anionic Poly(ε-caprolactam): Relationships among Conditions of Synthesis, Chain Regularity, Reticular Order, and Polymorphism

Riccò¹,

Russo²,

Orefice³

et al. 1999

Macromolecules

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anionic poly ( -caprolactam), isothermally synthesized at temperatures between 155 and 195 °C by very fast carbamoyl-type activators, has been characterized by UV, DSC, and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) techniques in terms of high polymer yield, irregular structures along the chain, extent of cross-linking, Tg and Tm values, degree of crystallinity, and polymorphism. The specific role of four different activators on the above properties has been compared. From the whole set of characterization data it is evident that cyclohexylcarbamoylcaprolactam behaves as the most suitable activator and provides poly( -caprolactam) with properties that favorably match those of the corresponding hydrolytic polyamide.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anionic Poly(ε-caprolactam): Relationships among Conditions of Synthesis, Chain Regularity, Reticular Order, and Polymorphism

Riccò¹,

Russo²,

Orefice³

et al. 1999

Macromolecules

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4 The UV spectra were taken in 1% (w/w) solutions of the composite in anhydrous formic acid between 250 and 400 nm (path length ϭ 1 cm); the optical density maximum at 270 -280 nm was considered.…”

Section: Uv Spectrophotometry Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Melting behavior and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of polyamide 6/polyamide 66 molecular composites via in situ polymerization

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:The melting behavior and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of pure polyamide 6 (PA 6) and its molecular composites with polyamide 66 (PA 66) were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry. The PA 6/PA 66 composites had one melting peak, whereas the coextruded PA 6/PA 66 blends had two melting peaks. With the addition of PA 66 to PA 6 via in situ anionic polymerization, the melting temperature, crystallization temperature, and crystallinity of PA 6 in the composites decreased. The half-time of nonisothermal crystallization increased for a PA 6/PA 66 molecular composite containing 12 wt % PA 66, in comparison with that of pure PA 6. The commonly used Ozawa equation was used to fit the nonisothermal crystallization of pure PA 6 and its composites. The Ozawa exponent values in the primary stage were equal to 1.28 -3.03 and 1.28 -2.97 for PA 6 and its composite with 12 wt % PA 66, respectively, and this revealed that the mechanism of primary crystallization of PA 6 and PA 6/PA 66 was mainly heterogeneous nucleation and growth. All the results indicated that the incorporation of PA 66 into PA 6 at the molecular level retarded the crystallization of PA 6.

show abstract

“…The polymerization kinetics of the AROP of CL can be described in two ways—mechanistic and semi-empirical. The mechanistic approach [40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47] takes into account all the side reactions, and due to the complex nature of AROP, it is impractical. The semi-empirical approach lumps all reactions into a single step and describes them in a single Arrhenius-based rate equation, without much consideration of reaction chemistry.…”

Section: The Kinetic Modeling Of Polymerization and Crystallizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Thermoplastic Resin Transfer Molding: Process Modeling and Simulation

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The production and consumption of polymer composites has grown continuously through recent decades and has topped 10 Mt/year. Until very recently, polymer composites almost exclusively had non-recyclable thermoset matrices. The growing amount of plastic, however, inevitably raises the issue of recycling and reuse. Therefore, recyclability has become of paramount importance in the composites industry. As a result, thermoplastics are coming to the forefront. Despite all their advantages, thermoplastics are difficult to use as the matrix of high-performance composites because their high viscosity complicates the impregnation process. A solution could be reactive thermoplastics, such as PA-6, which is synthesized from the ε-caprolactam (ε-CL) monomer via anionic ring opening polymerization (AROP). One of the fastest techniques to process PA-6 into advanced composites is thermoplastic resin transfer molding (T-RTM). Although nowadays T-RTM is close to commercial application, its optimization and control need further research and development, mainly assisted by modeling. This review summarizes recent progress in the modeling of the different aspects of the AROP of ε-CL. It covers the mathematical modeling of reaction kinetics, pressure-volume-temperature behavior, as well as simulation tools and approaches. Based on the research results so far, this review presents the current trends and could even plot the course for future research.

show abstract

Activated Anionic Polymerization of ε-Caprolactam for RIM Process

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Anionic Poly(ε-caprolactam): Relationships among Conditions of Synthesis, Chain Regularity, Reticular Order, and Polymorphism

Anionic Poly(ε-caprolactam): Relationships among Conditions of Synthesis, Chain Regularity, Reticular Order, and Polymorphism

Melting behavior and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of polyamide 6/polyamide 66 molecular composites via in situ polymerization

A Review of Thermoplastic Resin Transfer Molding: Process Modeling and Simulation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About