Activated carbon from almond shells using an eco-compatible method: screening, optimization, characterization, and adsorption performance testing

Boulika, Hamza; Hajam, Maryam El; Nabih, Meryem Hajji; Kandri, N. Idrissi; Zerouale, Abdelaziz

doi:10.1039/d2ra06220h

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The mixture thus obtained is filtered and dried at 80 °C. Ag-ZnO/CA composite is prepared by an intimate mixture of ZnO and activated carbon (AC) from almond shells previously developed [17]. The mixture is then impregnated with a solution of AgNO3, the precipitate is filtered and dried in the same way as Ag-ZnO.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Photocatalytic Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4). These values mean that the composites particles are positively charged in the solution with pH values below the zero-point charge and negatively charged at pH values above the isoelectric point charge [17,30]. The evolution of a zeta potential of CA varies positively as a function of pH this indicates a neutrality of charge on their surface.…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Infrared spectra of prepared composites and activated carbon usedZero charge pHThe zero-point values of CA, Ag-ZnO and Ag-ZnO/CA are 5.1, 2.8, 4.3 respectively (fig.4). These values mean that the composites particles are positively charged in the solution with pH values below the zero-point charge and negatively charged at pH values above the isoelectric point charge[17,30]. The evolution of a zeta potential of CA varies positively as a function of pH this indicates a neutrality of charge on their surface.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Preparation of a Photocatalytic Activated Carbon Based on Almond Shell and Ag-ZnO: Characterization and Application to Organic Effluent Treatment

Boulika,

Nabih,

Elhajam

et al. 2023

KEM

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A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of an heterostructure of Ag-ZnO composite alone and impregnated with activated carbon (AC) prepared from almond shells has been developed. The structural, morphological, compositional and optical properties of the synthesized composites were examined respectively by X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy Coupled to EDS, Infrared Spectroscopy and Diffuse Reflectance Ultraviolet-Visible. The use of this prepared these materials allows to degrade up to 99.9% of MR by photocatalysis in visible light at a pH of 6 and a H2O2 concentration of 0.1 M. This efficiency of these composites developed is attributed to their homogeneous structural and functional composition, to the fineness of the particles, to their wide bandgap of 2,487 eV for Ag-ZnO and 1,856 eV for Ag-ZnO/CA and to the high thermal resistance of Ag-ZnO. This type of composite seems to be effective for the depollution of organic effluents.

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Section: Synthesis Of Photocatalytic Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Preparation of a Photocatalytic Activated Carbon Based on Almond Shell and Ag-ZnO: Characterization and Application to Organic Effluent Treatment

Boulika,

Nabih,

Elhajam

et al. 2023

KEM

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“…Hidayu et al [34] prepared activated carbon from palm kernel shell by chemical activation to absorb β-carotene in crude palm oil and showed that activation of palm kernel shell carbon using zinc chloride (ZnCl2) with mass saturation ratio 1:1 for 24 hours and carbonization at 500°C for 90 minutes shows the highest percentage of β-carotene removal (69%). Boulika et al [35] synthesized activated carbon from almond shell using H3PO4 as a chemical activator and room vacuum decomposition as a physical activator. They studied the optimum adsorption e ciency of crystal violet dye on the produced activated carbon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of physical and chemical activation methods on the structure, optical absorbance, band gap and urbach energy of porous activated carbon

Shahcheragh,

Bagheri-Mohagheghi,

Shirpay

2023

Preprint

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In this study, activated carbon was synthesized using the hard almond shell and palm kernel by physical activation with water vapor and chemical activation with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) methods. Then, the structural and optical properties of the activated carbons were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The SEM images showed that in the raw sample of hard almond shell and palm kernel, there is no porosity and pores, but in the activated carbon samples, porosity and structural defects were clearly observed. The XRD patterns showed that porous and amorphous structure was formed in all samples synthesized with physical and chemical activation. The results of FTIR spectra of activated carbons showed that there are carbon functional groups in all samples. The optical absorption coefficient (α) of the activated carbon with physical and chemical activation methods was obtained in order of 105-106. The band gap measurement of porous nanostructures showed that the activated carbon synthesized with chemical and physical activation methods have energy gap (Eg) in region = 2.80 eV to 3.48 eV and urbach energy (EU) in region = 120 to 210 meV.

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“…and their elimination from the environment has become a top priority. For the treatment of industrial effluents, a number of physicochemical processes have been used, including adsorption [4,5], coagulation flocculation, membrane filtration [6]. However, all of these methods, with the exception of the adsorption method, cannot be used in an industrial setting due to their high cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of an Activated Carbon Based on Cardoon Waste and its Comparison to a Commercial Carbon in Terms of Physicochemical Characterization and Organic Dye Adsorption Performance

Nabih,

Boulika,

Elhajam

et al. 2023

KEM

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The present study aims to evaluate the possibility of using low-cost adsorbents based on Cardoon waste for the depollution of industrial effluents. After characterization of the raw cardoon waste [1], the carbonization was carried out at 350 °C in a muffle furnace. In order to show the performance of the method used to prepare this activated carbon (PC), a comparative study with a commercial carbon (CC) is performed. The obtained activated carbon and the commercial carbon were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy coupled with EDX, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Approximate analyses of moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content and fixed carbon content, acid-base surface functions, pH at zero charge and iodine value were performed. The obtained results indicate that the main characteristics of the activated carbon prepared at 350 °C are practically similar to those of the commercial carbon; a homogeneous porous surface, an interesting percentage of carbon, a high thermal stability and a disorganized graphitic crystalline structure, the iodine adsorption values on the two carbons are 409.887 mg/g for PC and 430.191 mg/g for CC. The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on both carbons was performed. The kinetics and isotherms of MB adsorption on the two carbons were evaluated. According to the obtained results, the use of the prepared carbon in effluent treatment can be put into perspective.

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Activated carbon from almond shells using an eco-compatible method: screening, optimization, characterization, and adsorption performance testing

Abstract: Screening and optimization by DOE, an ecofriendly method under vacuum for the preparation of activated carbon from almond shells, characterization, and application for textile wastewater treatment are presented.

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Preparation of a Photocatalytic Activated Carbon Based on Almond Shell and Ag-ZnO: Characterization and Application to Organic Effluent Treatment

Preparation of a Photocatalytic Activated Carbon Based on Almond Shell and Ag-ZnO: Characterization and Application to Organic Effluent Treatment

Effect of physical and chemical activation methods on the structure, optical absorbance, band gap and urbach energy of porous activated carbon

Synthesis of an Activated Carbon Based on Cardoon Waste and its Comparison to a Commercial Carbon in Terms of Physicochemical Characterization and Organic Dye Adsorption Performance

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