Activated Carbons Prepared through H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>‐Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonisation from Biomass Wastes: Porous Texture and Electrochemical Performance

Quesada-Plata, Fabian; Ruiz-Rosas, Ramiro; Morallón, Emilia; Cazorla‐Amorós, Diego

doi:10.1002/cplu.201600412

Cited by 71 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In this work, the resulting HPCs exhibited interesting electrochemical features such as a high capacitance and an outstanding capacitance retention. The aforementioned results highlight the possibility of "greening" the production of nanostructured porous carbons by choosing inexpensive biomass byproducts as precursors (Ruiz- Quesada-Plata et al, 2016).…”

Section: Perspective and Possible Research Directions For Overcomingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Enhance the Performance of Electrochemical Capacitors Based on Carbon Materials

et al. 2019

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The increasing worldwide energy consumption has contributed to both the vast growth of greenhouse emissions from carbon-containing fuels-based sources (coal, petroleum, etc.) and the depletion of the aforementioned sources. Given this scenario, the development of inexpensive and high-performing energy storage devices, which have the least possible environmental impact, is needed. At this point, electrochemical capacitors (ECs) or supercapacitors are a particular alternative or complementary option to batteries and fuel cells (FCs). ECs present high power output and long cycle life, but little power density compared to conventional or Lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, ECs are going to play a pivotal role, not only in portable electronic devices, but also to provide power density in hybrid electric vehicles. Many efforts have been focused on improving the energy output of ECs, although its enhancement keeping the high power density is still the cornerstone of most investigations. Many studies have been conducted toward the development of electrode materials such as metal oxides, conducting polymers or novel carbons. Nevertheless, they have shown important shortcomings to be implemented (i.e., high cost, low electrical conductivity, poor stability, etc.). Recent studies put the spotlight on nitrogen-containing carbon materials as candidates to improve the ECs performance in terms of energy. Optimizing the ECs configuration (asymmetric and hybrid) is another approach reported to tackle the challenge. Additionally, it is important to mention that the design of carbon materials obtained from inexpensive precursors lately attracted the attention of the research community. This review compiles works performed in our research group over the last years. The effect of nitrogen groups present in the carbon network on the capacitance will be reported and the study of asymmetric configuration to enhance de energy density will be discussed, either opening the potential window or by increasing the capacitance. Moreover, a lignin-based ECs will be described as an environmentally friendly approach. Finally, perspective and conceivable research guidelines in order to hurdle the challenges proposed to implement the carbon materials in the field of ECs will be addressed.

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Section: Perspective and Possible Research Directions For Overcomingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Enhance the Performance of Electrochemical Capacitors Based on Carbon Materials

et al. 2019

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“…Different chemical agents that will act as catalysts, activation agents or templates have been used in-situ HTC to increase and tune the porous properties of the synthesized HTC carbon material. Some authors have used ZnCl 2 , H 3 PO 4 or even eutectic salt mixtures as catalyst/activating agent during HTC of different biomass precursors (coconut shells, almond shells, hemp residues, sawdust, glucose) [44][45][46] with significant improvements in the surface area of the final carbon materials.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

New and Advanced Porous Carbon Materials in Fine Chemical Synthesis. Emerging Precursors of Porous Carbons

et al. 2019

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The efficiency of porous carbons in fine chemical synthesis, among other application fields, has been demonstrated since both the porous structure and chemical surface provide the appropriated chemical environment favoring a great variety of relevant chemical transformations. In recent years, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as interesting opportunities in the preparation of porous carbons with improved physico-chemical properties. Direct calcination of MOFs or COFs, in the presence or not of others carbon or heteroatom sources, could be considered an easy and practical approach for the synthesis of highly dispersed heteroatom-doped porous carbons but also new porous carbons in which single atoms of metallic species are present, showing a great development of the porosity; both characteristics of supreme importance for catalytic applications. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the traditional methodologies for the synthesis of new porous carbon structures together with emerging ones that use MOFs or COFs as carbon precursors. As mentioned below, the catalytic application in fine chemical synthesis of these kinds of materials is at present barely explored, but probably will expand in the near future.

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“…Romero‐Anaya et al used H 3 PO 4 to produce a well‐developed mesoporous AC from banana biomass, with a high surface area of over 2000 m 2 g −1 and a yield of over 35%. This is backed up by Quesada‐plata et al who also used H 3 PO 4 to produce AC of a high surface area of >2000 m 2 g −1 and high porosity, where H 3 PO 4 promotes the fixing of carbon atoms onto the char from the banana biomass, thus, H 3 PO 4 can be a lucrative activating agent for AC production and therefore it shall be explored herein. The use of an activating agent does not have to be restricted to one step; once a char has been mixed with an activating agent and pyrolyzed, it can be activated further using a second activating agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Upcycling brewer's spent grain waste into activated carbon and carbon nanotubes for energy and other applications via two‐stage activation

Osman

O’Connor

McSpadden

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: Brewer's Spent Grain (BSG), a form of lignocellulosic biomass more commonly known as barley waste was used to synthesize activated carbon (AC) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The produced materials were used in water remediation application. RESULTS:A novel approach involving two activation steps; first, with phosphoric acid (designated BAC-P) and then using potassium hydroxide (designated BAC-K) was proposed for the production of AC and CNTs from BSG. The AC produced showed a surface area as high as 692.3 m 2 g −1 with a pore volume of 0.44 cm 3 g −1 . This can help aid and facilitate the circular economy by effectively upcycling and valorizing waste lignocellulosic biomass to high surface area AC and subsequently, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Consequently, MWCNTs were prepared from the produced AC by mixing it with the nitrogen (N)-based material melamine and iron precursor, iron (III) oxalate hexahydrate, where it produced hydrophilic MWCNTs. Both AC and CNT materials were used in heavy metal removal (HMR), where the maximum lead absorption was observed for sample BAC-K with 77% removal capacity after the first hour of testing.CONCLUSION: This result signifies that the synthesis of these upcycled materials can have an application in the areas of wastewater treatment or other AC/CNT end uses with a rapid cycle time.

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Activated Carbons Prepared through H₃PO₄‐Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonisation from Biomass Wastes: Porous Texture and Electrochemical Performance

Cited by 71 publications

References 58 publications

Strategies to Enhance the Performance of Electrochemical Capacitors Based on Carbon Materials

Strategies to Enhance the Performance of Electrochemical Capacitors Based on Carbon Materials

New and Advanced Porous Carbon Materials in Fine Chemical Synthesis. Emerging Precursors of Porous Carbons

Upcycling brewer's spent grain waste into activated carbon and carbon nanotubes for energy and other applications via two‐stage activation

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Activated Carbons Prepared through H3PO4‐Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonisation from Biomass Wastes: Porous Texture and Electrochemical Performance

Cited by 71 publications

References 58 publications

Strategies to Enhance the Performance of Electrochemical Capacitors Based on Carbon Materials

Strategies to Enhance the Performance of Electrochemical Capacitors Based on Carbon Materials

New and Advanced Porous Carbon Materials in Fine Chemical Synthesis. Emerging Precursors of Porous Carbons

Upcycling brewer's spent grain waste into activated carbon and carbon nanotubes for energy and other applications via two‐stage activation

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Activated Carbons Prepared through H₃PO₄‐Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonisation from Biomass Wastes: Porous Texture and Electrochemical Performance