Activated Microglia in the Rat Spinal Cord Following Peripheral Axon Injury Promote Glial and Neuronal Plasticity Which is Necessary for Long-Term Neuronal Survival

Goins, Jessie; Henkel, Nicholas; Coulibaly, Aminata P.; Isaacson, Lori G.

doi:10.1007/s10571-020-00853-y

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Vc microglia in female rats might not be an inflammatory phenotype after re-incision. Minocycline is widely used in glial research to inhibit the transformation of microglia toward an inflammatory phenotype 8 , 16 and does not affect microglial ramification or IBA1 expression under normal conditions 25 , 26 . Therefore, it is possible that minocycline unaffected Vc microglia in female rats even after re-incision.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased PPARgamma in the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis due to neonatal injury contributes to incision-induced mechanical allodynia in female rats

Otsuji

Hayashi

Hitomi

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Whisker pad skin incision in infancy causes the prolongation of mechanical allodynia after re-incision in adulthood. A recent study also proposed the importance of sex differences in pain signaling in the spinal cord. However, the sex difference in re-incision-induced mechanical allodynia in the orofacial region is not fully understood. In the rats that experienced neonatal injury in the whisker pad skin, the mechanical allodynia in the whisker pad was significantly prolonged after re-incision in adulthood compared to sham injury in infancy. No significant sex differences were observed in the duration of mechanical allodynia. The duration of mechanical allodynia in male rats was shortened by intracisternal administration of minocycline. However, minocycline had no effects on the duration of mechanical allodynia in female rats. In contrast, intracisternal administration of pioglitazone markedly suppressed mechanical allodynia in female rats after re-incision. Following re-incision, the number of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma)-positive cells were reduced in the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) in female rats that experienced neonatal injury. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that PPARgamma was predominantly expressed in Vc neurons. Pioglitazone increased the number of PPARgamma-positive Vc neurons in female rats whose whisker pad skin was incised in both infancy and adulthood stages. Pioglitazone also upregulated heme oxygenase 1 and downregulated NR1 subunit in the Vc in female rats after re-incision. Together, PPARgamma signaling in Vc neurons is a female-specific pathway for whisker pad skin incision-induced mechanical allodynia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased PPARgamma in the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis due to neonatal injury contributes to incision-induced mechanical allodynia in female rats

Otsuji

Hayashi

Hitomi

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…Primary injury caused by trauma is traditionally considered to be incurable, whereas secondary injury associated with a series of organic stress responses including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis remains the underlying therapeutic research focus (2,3). Following trauma, damaged neural cells immediately induce neuroinflammation that activates microglia in situ and summons accumulation of glial groups surrounding the injury center (4,5). Besides, peripheric pro-inflammatory clusters, such as granulocyte, monocyte and even erythrocyte, traverse into the epicenter resulting from disruption of the bloodspinal cord barrier (BSCB) and rupture of micro-vessel (6,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ezetimibe attenuates functional impairment via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation in traumatic spinal cord injury

Wei Rong,

Huimin Li,

Huadong Yang

et al. 2023

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)

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Nicotine Alleviates Cortical Neuronal Injury by Suppressing Neuroinflammation and Upregulating Neuronal PI3K-AKT Signaling in an Eclampsia-Like Seizure Model

Han

Zhou

et al. 2020

Neurotox Res

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Activated Microglia in the Rat Spinal Cord Following Peripheral Axon Injury Promote Glial and Neuronal Plasticity Which is Necessary for Long-Term Neuronal Survival

Cited by 4 publications

References 52 publications

Decreased PPARgamma in the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis due to neonatal injury contributes to incision-induced mechanical allodynia in female rats

Decreased PPARgamma in the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis due to neonatal injury contributes to incision-induced mechanical allodynia in female rats

Ezetimibe attenuates functional impairment via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation in traumatic spinal cord injury

Nicotine Alleviates Cortical Neuronal Injury by Suppressing Neuroinflammation and Upregulating Neuronal PI3K-AKT Signaling in an Eclampsia-Like Seizure Model

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