Activated monocytes as a therapeutic target to attenuate vascular inflammation and lower cardiovascular disease-risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies

A single cell atlas of circulating immune cells involved in diabetic retinopathy

“… 32 Increased levels of monocyte-associated cytokines such as IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α in diabetics subsequently lead to endothelial tissue damage. 33 Moreover, it has been verified that CD8 + T cells or its supernatant can directly damage angiogenesis in vitro experiments. 34 …”

Partial Synthetic PPARƳ Derivative Ameliorates Aorta Injury in Experimental Diabetic Rats Mediated by Activation of miR-126-5p Pi3k/AKT/PDK 1/mTOR Expression

“…It was recently reported that the STZ/HFD-induced insulin resistance [ 114 ] significantly suppresses p-AMPK, p-Pi3k, p-AKT, p-PDK, and p-mTOR axis levels in HepG2 cells [ 115 ], demonstrating that miRNAs play a role in heart illness as fundamental regulators of gene expression [ 116 ]. Additionally, pioglitazone targets miR-126-5p gene expression, which is involved in inflammatory processes, adhesion molecules, cell-cycle events such as proliferation and migration, apoptosis, and NO signaling in endothelial cell health, leading to the development of atherosclerosis [ 117 , 118 , 119 ]. Our study results revealed that treating diabetic rats with pioglitazone and P-PPARƳ synthetic derivatives associated with the significant upregulation of miR-126-5p expression ( Figure 3 ) activated the expression and phosphorylation of the p-Pi3k, p-AKT, p-PDK 1, and p-mTOR axis ( Figure 4 ), coupled with histopathological endothelial lining healing ( Figure 5 ) and eNOS restoration in the endothelium ( Figure 6 ).…”

Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases in people living with HIV on specific highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen: A systematic review of clinical studies

“…Studies were deemed relevant if they reported on indicators or measurements of endothelial function, including FMD, as well as biomarkers like E/P-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. Since both oxidative stress and inflammation are major pathological features of endothelial dysfunction [ 28 , 29 ], levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, as well as NO bioavailability were also assessed as potential contributors to endothelial dysfunction and CVD-risk. The current study was conducted to address the following: Patient/population, Exposure, Comparison, and Outcomes (PECO).…”