Active immunisation against GnRH as treatment for unilateral granulosa theca cell tumour in mares

Behrendt, Daphne; Burger, Dominik; Gremmes, S.; Szunyog, Katja; Röthemeier, Selena; Sieme, Harald

doi:10.1111/evj.13352

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…GnRH immunocastrates seem to be valuable material for future research on Leydig cell differentiation. Activation of the receptor by INSL3 induces differentiation of the gubernaculum, which pulls the testis caudally, thus driving the transabdominal phase of testicular descent [ 49 ]. Loss of Insl3 causes cryptorchidism, or retention of the testes in the body cavity, which is associated with low serum testosterone and infertility, as well as a higher risk of developing testicular tumors [ 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leydig Cells in Immunocastrated Polish Landrace Pig Testis: Differentiation Status and Steroid Enzyme Expression Status

Pawlicki

Gałuszka

Pardyak

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Porker immunocastration against gonadoliberin (GnRH) secretion has been utilized since 2009; however, consumers are still skeptical of it. This is due to not having full information available on the problem of a boar taint, as well as a lack of research on morphological and molecular changes that may occur in the animal reproductive system and other body systems. The present study aimed to explore the functional status of steroidogenic Leydig cells of the testicular interstitial tissue in immunocastrated Polish Landrace pigs. Analyses were performed using Western blot, immunohistochemistry for relaxin (RLN), insulin-like 3 protein (INSL3), pelleted growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα), cytochrome P450scc, 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3β-HSD, 17β-HSD), cytochrome P450arom, and 5α-reductase (5α-RED). Immunoassay ELISA was used to measure the androstenone, testosterone, and estradiol levels in the testis and serum of immunocastrates. We revealed disturbances in the distribution and expression of (i) RLN, indicating an inflammatory reaction in the interstitial tissue; (ii) INSL3 and PDGFRα, indicating alterations in the differentiation and function of fetal, perinatal, or adult Leydig cell populations; (iii) P450scc, 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD, P450arom, and 5α-RED, indicating disturbances in the sex steroid hormone production and disturbed functional status of Leydig cells; as well as (iv) decreased levels of androstenone, testosterone, and estradiol in testicular tissue and serum, indicating the dedicated action of Improvac to reduce boar taint at both the hypothalamic–hypophysis–gonadal axis and local level (Leydig cells). In summary, our study provides a significant portion of knowledge on the function of Leydig cells after immunocastration, which is also important for the diagnosis and therapy of testis dysfunction due to GnRH action failure and/or Leydig cell differentiational–functional alterations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leydig Cells in Immunocastrated Polish Landrace Pig Testis: Differentiation Status and Steroid Enzyme Expression Status

Pawlicki

Gałuszka

Pardyak

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…27 While the trial was not systematically designed and the hormonal results were not conclusive, the owners of all four mares reported the cessation of the abnormal behaviours (predominantly aggression or stallion-like), while ultrasonographic examinations revealed no changes in ovarian size. 27 GnRH vaccines, which can be used with adjuvants, may suppress reproductive cyclicity with a very variable time to return to cycling. 2,3,28 Despite the lack of ovarian activity, however, it is reported that despite use of these vaccines some mares can continue to exhibit oestrus behaviours, often in irregular or continuous patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Recently, a nonsurgical approach was used to treat four mares with presumed GCTs using multiple injections of the GnRH vaccine 27 . While the trial was not systematically designed and the hormonal results were not conclusive, the owners of all four mares reported the cessation of the abnormal behaviours (predominantly aggression or stallion‐like), while ultrasonographic examinations revealed no changes in ovarian size 27 . GnRH vaccines, which can be used with adjuvants, may suppress reproductive cyclicity with a very variable time to return to cycling 2,3,28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal mare behaviour is rarely associated with changes in hormonal markers of granulosa cell tumours: A retrospective study

Huggins

Norris

Conley

et al. 2023

Equine Veterinary Journal

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BackgroundAbnormal or undesired mare behaviours are often assumed to be associated with ovarian abnormalities.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the incidence of abnormal behaviours and their association with concentrations of one or more ovarian hormones associated with a granulosa cell tumour (GCT).Study designRetrospective descriptive.MethodsA total of 2914 hormonal profile samples submitted with the words behave, behaviour, or behaving in the submission history were analysed. The association between reported abnormal behaviours and concentrations of testosterone, anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH), inhibins and inhibin‐B were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using a Chi‐squared test of association.ResultsOf the 2914 cases that were submitted due to behaviour issues, 2506 (86%) did not have any of the measured hormones reach GCT‐like concentrations. The remaining 408 cases had either one (63%), two (25.5%), or three (11.5%) hormones with concentrations consistent with those from confirmed GCT cases. Testosterone had the lowest percent of GCT‐like values among the cases (7.7%), compared with AMH (9.4%), inhibins (9.6%) and inhibin B (8.7%). Stallion‐like behaviour was significantly associated with increased concentrations of all four hormones. In contrast, aggression, oestrous and other abnormal behaviours were significantly less likely to be associated with increased concentrations of the hormones.Main limitationsRetrospective study, using sample submission history.ConclusionOverall, the abnormal behaviours among mares, except the stallion‐like behaviour, were not associated with increased ovarian hormones. These results highlight the common misassumption about the involvement of the ovaries in ‘abnormal behaviours’ or ‘undesirable behaviours’ of mares.

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“…Mannose-modified nanoparticles can effectively improve the delivery efficiency of tumor antigen. These nanoparticles act as carriers that can stably load tumor antigens and release them into the tumor microenvironment [190]. Antigen-presenting cells (such as dendritic cells) take up and process these tumor antigens before presenting them to T cells and inducing an immune response to the tumor antigen.…”

Section: Activation Of T Cells By Mannose Modified Lipid Calcium Phos...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mannose-Modified Lipid Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticle Vaccine Increased the Anti-Tumor Immune Response by Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment

Wu,

Qian,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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With the rapid development of tumor immunotherapy, nanoparticle vaccines have attracted much attention as a potential therapeutic strategy. The potential role of the mannose-modified lipid calcium phosphate nanoparticle vaccine in enhancing the anti-tumor immune response was investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mannose modification on the immune response of nanoparticles in regulating the tumor microenvironment through systematic review and analysis and to explore its potential clinical application in tumor therapy. Currently, despite the potential advantages of nanoparticle vaccines in immunotherapy, achieving an effective immune response in the tumor microenvironment remains a challenge. Tumor immune escape and overexpression of immunosuppressive factors limit its clinical application. Therefore, this study will explore how to intervene in the immunosuppressive mechanism in the tumor microenvironment through mannose-modified lipid calcium phosphate nanoparticle vaccines so as to improve the immunotherapy effect of tumor patients and provide new ideas and strategies for the field of tumor therapy.

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Active immunisation against GnRH as treatment for unilateral granulosa theca cell tumour in mares

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Leydig Cells in Immunocastrated Polish Landrace Pig Testis: Differentiation Status and Steroid Enzyme Expression Status

Leydig Cells in Immunocastrated Polish Landrace Pig Testis: Differentiation Status and Steroid Enzyme Expression Status

Abnormal mare behaviour is rarely associated with changes in hormonal markers of granulosa cell tumours: A retrospective study

A Mannose-Modified Lipid Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticle Vaccine Increased the Anti-Tumor Immune Response by Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment

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