Active transfer and the curie principle

Physicochemical Fundamentals and Thermodynamics of the Membrane Transport of Drugs

“…However, because of the active transport underlying carrier mechanisms, and because the complex formation and dissociation reaction between permeant and carrier are locally separated, the restriction of the Curie theorem can be omitted with respect of the spatial directed overall reaction (JARDETZKY [131]). Similarly the concept of the acting enzymes in the carrier transport as anisotropic, as proposed by MITCHELL [203], may serve to interpret the invalidity of the Curie theorem in the chemo-osmotic coupling [1,131,139,210]. Consequently the coefficient L j , of Equation (98) then has the character of a vectorial operator.…”

“…Thus (56) J. being the flux of the neutral salt. Further simplification results from (57) According to (56) and (57) the dissipation function (55) may be reduced to only two fluxes, the solute and the water flow (58) Therefore, the membrane transport of electrolyte solutions may be represented in the same way as that of nonelectrolytes, by the three coefficients L p , (1) and (1. It may be mentioned that in the case of electrolyte transport the mechanical permeability coefficient Lp is measured at zero electrical current, 1 = 0, whereas in the case of nonelectrolytes at zero electrical potential cp = o.…”

“…The breaks may be caused by the resynthesis of membrane material to replace the membrane segments that enclose the pinocytosis vacuoles [327]. (1) and membrane vesiculation (2): (1) After adsorption in A the particle gets position B within the recessus by membrane flow. Here after vacuolization and wall lysis permeant is released into the cell interior.…”

Dimensionless Groups by Entropic Similarity: I — Diffusion, Chemical Reaction and Dispersion Processes

“…The Curie principle can be derived under the linear assumption ( 65 ) and the invariance of an isotropic tensor to coordinate inversion [ 56 , 98 ]. However, due to continued controversy over its definition and validity [ 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 ] and deeper connections between tensorial order and group theory [ 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 ], this study adopts the most general formulation. We also recall the concerns expressed in Section 4.2 on the validity of the linear assumption for chemical reactions, hence these components of ( 65 ) and ( 66 ) may have limited applicability.…”