“…Measures collected in the study included demographic data (age and sex), functional status using Katz Activities of Daily Living scale (ADL) and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale (IADL) [43e45], clinical examination data (heart rate, blood pressure, weight loss, retention, Body Mass Index (BMI)), physical capacity (6-minute walk test and short physical performance battery test), and blood sample data (haemoglobin, protein, creatinine, NTproBNP, albumin, prealbumin, CRP, orosomucoid and vitamin D with severe deficiency <20 ng/mL [46] and moderate deficiency [20e30 ng/mL]). Further specific data collected to characterize HF included: functional classification (New York Heart Association (NYHA)), aetiology, cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities, transthoracic echocardiography, standard 12-lead electrocardiogram, and medical therapy.…”