Acúmulo de matéria seca e de macronutrientes em cultivares de bananeira irrigada

Abstract

RESUMO -O conhecimento das quantidades de matéria seca e de nutrientes acumulados e exportados por cultivares de bananeira é importante para o desenvolvimento de uma recomendação de adubação para esta cultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as quantidades de matéria seca e de macronutrientes acumuladas e exportadas por seis cultivares de bananeiras irrigadas. Foram amostradas plantas das cultivares Grande Naine, Pacovan, Pacovan-Apodi, Prata-Anã, Terrinha e Gross Michel, em uma área de plantio comercial de bananeira irrigada, no município de Limoeiro do Norte -CE. Na colheita, foram escolhidas quatro famílias de cada cultivar para amostragem. A "planta-mãe" foi dividida em rizoma, pseudocaule, pecíolo, limbo, engaço e frutos. Na matéria seca dessas partes das plantas, determinaram-se os teores dos macronutrientes. As cultivares Pacovan, Prata-Anã e Pacovan-Apodi que, de modo geral, extraíram do solo as maiores quantidades de macronutrientes, foram as que acumularam quantidades mais elevadas de matéria seca. O potássio e o nitrogênio foram os macronutrientes mais acumulados e exportados pelas seis cultivares de bananeira irrigada, seguidos pelo enxofre, cálcio, magnésio e fósforo. Termos para indexação: Musa spp., nutrição mineral, demanda de nutrientes. ACCUMULATION OF DRY MATTER AND MACRONUTRIENT IN CULTIVARS OF IRRIGATED BANANA TREEABSTRACT -The knowledge about the quantity of dry matter and nutrients accumulated and exported by banana is important for the development of fertilizer recommendations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of dry matter and macronutrients by six cultivars of irrigated banana crop. Plants of Grande Naine, Pacovan, Pacovan-Apodi, Prata-Anã, Terrinha and Gross Michel cultivars were sampled in a commercial plantation in the municipality of Limoeiro do Norte, state of Ceará, Brazil. At harvest, four plants of each cultivar were selected for sampling. The "mother-plant" was divided into rhizome, pseudo stem, petiole, leaf blade, stalk and fruits. In the dry matter of these parts, the contents of macronutrients were determined. The cultivars Pacovan, Prata Anã and Pacovan-Apodi, in general, extracted from the soil the largest amounts of macronutrients and these cultivars accumulated higher quantities of dry matter. The potassium and nitrogen were the most accumulated and exported macronutrients by the six cultivars of irrigated banana followed by sulphur, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus.

Production, Decomposition and Chemical Characteristics of Banana Litterfall

“…These differences may be taken into account for fertilizer recommendation for banana crops, since these residues left in the soil contain great nutrient contents that can be mineralized and absorbed by plants (cycling). Hoffmann et al (2010a) evaluated the dry weight accumulation and macronutrients for banana cultivars and found dry weight values of 28,398 (Pacovan) 17,715 (Pacovan Apodi) and 20,077 kg ha -1 (Prata-Anã), which were higher than those found in the present work because they included the fruit and stem dry weights, while the present work considered the pseudostem, leaves and floral residues. The genotypes Fhia-18 and PA-9401 showed lower height, which probably contributed to group them in the low dry weight group.…”

“…Busquet (2006), evaluated the nutrient accumulation in banana genotypes and found that the Prata-Anã genotype accumulated more Mg in the pseudostem, despite this element being considered of easy translocation in the plant. Hoffmann et al (2010a) found higher Mg accumulation in the pseudostem, in cultivars Grand Naine (31.36%) and Prata-Anã (42.94%).…”

“…Moreover, studies on accumulation and chemical characterization of litterfall of different banana genotypes are also important, since this plant accumulates greater amounts of dry matter and nutrients in its vegetative organs and fruits, which return to the system as plant residues (stem, fruits, leaves, floral residues and pseudo-stem) produced during its cycle (HOFFMANN et al, 2010a;MOREIRA;FAGERIA, 2009).…”

Growth, yield and fruit quality of ‘Maçã’ banana under different rates of phosphorus fertilization

“…Nutrients demand depends among cultivars and even within the same genomic group (Donato et al, 2010), while nutrient recommendations are mostly based on scientific data for 'Cavendish' varieties, as it is highly demanding variety. Banana absorbs less P than other macronutrients (Hoffmann et al, 2010). Consequently, there is little or no information in the literature on the effects of P fertilizers on banana crop, besides that Brazilian soil is generally very poor in available P. Therefore, it seems important to evaluate the agronomic performance and fruit quality of 'Maçã' banana under P fertilization.…”

<b>Fertilization with nitrogen and potassium in banana cultivars ‘Grand Naine’, ‘FHIA 17’ and ‘Nanicão IAC 2001’ cultivated in Ribeira Valley, São Paulo State, Brazil

“…The lower requirement of nutrients in the 2 nd cycle is probably due to nutrient recycling from crop residue, especially that from the pseudostem, leaves and rhizomes of the banana plants. Hoffmann, Oliveira, Souza, Gheyi, and Souza Jr. (2010) found that the return of nutrients to the soil was between 497 to 305 kg ha An interaction was found between cultivars and N and K fertilization levels in pseudostem height for 'Nanicão IAC 2001', reaching the minimum estimated height without fertilization ( Figure 1D). For 'FHIA 17' and 'Grand Naine', plant height was similar among the N and K doses.…”